Wopezeka pamalo akale achifumu a Minoan a Phaistos, Phaistos Disc yazaka 4,000 ili ndi zilembo 241 zomwe palibe amene wakwanitsa kuzimvetsetsa mpaka pano.
Chinsinsi Cha Disc Ya Phaistos:
Kupeza kwachilendo kumeneku kunapangidwa mu 1908 mnyumba yosungiramo kachisi wapansi panthaka yolumikizidwa ndi malo akale achifumu a Minoan a Phaistos, pachilumba cha Crete, Greece. Wofukula za m'mabwinja Luigi Pernier adachotsa chimbalecho panthaka yakuda yomwe yalola kuti chojambulacho chikhale pakati pa 1850 BC ndi 1600 BC.
Wopangidwa ndi dongo lowotcha, diskiyo ndi pafupifupi 15cm m'mimba mwake komanso kukula kwake ndi sentimita imodzi yokhala ndi zilembo zosindikizidwa mbali zonse ziwiri. Tanthauzo lakulembedwalo silinamveke konse m'njira yovomerezeka kwa akatswiri ofukula zakale kapena ophunzira azilankhulo zakale. Si zachilendo pazifukwa zingapo. Chofunika kwambiri, ndi mtundu wina ndipo palibe chinthu china - mwina kupatula Arkalochori Ax - chimakhala ndi zolemba zofananira.
Zolembazo zidapangidwa ndi kukanikiza zilembo zomwe zidakonzedweratu mu dothi lofewa lomwe lingapangitse kuti izi zikhale zoyambirira kugwiritsa ntchito zosunthika. Ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti idapezeka pafupi ndi pulogalamu yachiwiri yokhala ndi zolembedwa zanthawi ino monga Linear A.
Linear A ndi njira yolembera yomwe Minoans (Cretans) amagwiritsa ntchito kuyambira 1800 mpaka 1450 BC kuti alembe chilankhulo cha Minoan. Linear A inali zilembo zoyambirira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kunyumba yachifumu komanso zolemba zachipembedzo zachitukuko cha Minoan. Zinapezeka ndi wofukula mabwinja Sir Arthur Evans. Zinatsogoleredwa ndi Linear B, yomwe a Mycenaeans adalemba kulemba Chigiriki choyambirira. Palibe zolemba mu Linear A zomwe zamasuliridwa.
Ngakhale pakhala pali kutsutsana pazowona za Disk amakhulupirira kuti ndizowona ndipo akuwonetsedwa mu Heraklion Museum ku Crete, Greece. Malingaliro ambiri aperekedwa ndipo kuyambira ku Phaistos Disk kukhala chiphaso kwa uthenga wochokera kwa alendo akale. Lingaliro laposachedwa komanso lomveka bwino ndikuti anali uthenga wokhoma omwe amawerengedwa ndikuwutaya ndikumuponya m'maenje. Ngati ndi choncho zitha kuyimira imodzi mwanjira zoyambirira zachinsinsi.
Zizindikiro Za Disc Ya Phaistos:
Zizindikiro 45 zosiyana zoyimiridwa pa disk zikuwoneka kuti zidasindikizidwa payekhapayekha - ngakhale zizindikilo za mtundu womwewo zikuwoneka kuti zidapangidwa ndi masitampu osiyanasiyana - ndipo disk ija idawombera. Komanso, zizindikilo zina zimawonetsa umboni wakufufutidwa ndikusindikizidwanso mwina ndi chizindikiro chomwecho kapena chosiyana. Tsoka ilo, palibe zidindo zomwe zidapezekabe koma momwe amagwiritsira ntchito popanga disk angawonetse kuti ma disks ena anali, kapena amayenera kupangidwa.
Kuphatikiza pa zizindikiritso za disk, palinso mipiringidzo ndi mipiringidzo yomwe ili ndi dothi. Mizere kapena mizere yopendekekera imawoneka yokokedwa ndi manja ndipo imapezeka pansi pa chizindikirocho kumanzere kwa zizindikiritso pagulu lofananira ndi mizere yoyimirira. Komabe, ma deshi sapezeka mgulu lililonse.
Malingaliro pakufunika kwawo akuphatikizira zolembera monga chiyambi cha mawu, kukonzekera kapena ma suffix, mavawelo owonjezera kapena makonsonanti, ogawa mavesi ndi magawo, kapena zopumira. Pomaliza, chifukwa mizereyo imagwira ntchito mosalekeza ndipo siyosindikizidwa mosamala monga zizindikilo zina, akuti akuti amangokhala zilembo zangozi zomwe zimapangidwa pakupanga. Mizere yomwe ili ndi madontho imachitika pafupi ndi m'mphepete mwakunja kwa mizereyo mbali zonse ziwiri. Malingaliro pakufunika kwake akuphatikizira zolemba zoyambira kapena zomaliza za mutuwo kapena zolemba mitu yolumikiza disk ndi ma diski ena omwe onse amapanga zolemba mosalekeza.
Kuyesera Kutanthauzira The Phaistos Disk:
Kufunika kwa zizindikirochi kumatsutsana kwambiri pakati pa akatswiri onse malinga ndi zomwe chizindikiro chilichonse chimayimira komanso tanthauzo lake lazilankhulo. Zomwe tinganene ndikuti machitidwe onse odziwika pakadali pano ali mgulu limodzi mwamagawo atatu: zojambula, masikululindipo Nyimbo. Akuti chiwerengero cha zilembo zosiyanasiyana pa disk ndi chochepa kwambiri kuti chikhale gawo la zithunzi zokha komanso kuti zikhale zilembo zambiri. Izi zimasiya syllabary ngati njira yabwino kwambiri - chizindikiro chilichonse ndi syllable ndipo gulu lililonse lazizindikiro ndi liwu. Zowonadi iyi ndiyo njira ya Mycenaean Linear B.
Linear B ndi syllabic script yomwe idagwiritsidwa ntchito polemba Chi Greek cha Mycenaean, mtundu wakale kwambiri wa Chigiriki. Zilembazi zidatengera zilembo zachi Greek zaka mazana angapo. Zolemba zakale kwambiri ku Mycenaean zidafika pafupifupi 1450 BC.
Komabe, m'machitidwe ngati amenewa, munthu amayembekeza kuti azigawira ngakhale zilembo zomwe zalembedwazo ndipo sizili choncho ndi mbali ziwiri za Phaistos disk iliyonse yomwe ikuwonetsa kugawana kwa zizindikilo zina. Kuphatikiza apo, kumasulira mawuwo ngati silabasi mwina sizodabwitsa kuti sikungapereke mawu amodzi-syllable ndipo 10% yokha ndi yomwe ili ndi masilabo awiri. Pazifukwa izi, akuti zizindikilo zina zimaimira masilabo pomwe zina zimaimira mawu athunthu monga zithunzi zoyera.
Popanda umboni uliwonse wotsimikizika, malingaliro osiyanasiyana okhudzana ndi tanthauzo la zolembedwazo akuphatikizapo nyimbo yopita kwa mulungu wamkazi wapadziko lapansi, mndandanda wamakhothi, mndandanda wazipembedzo, kalata yamoni, mwambo wakubala, komanso zolemba nyimbo. Komabe, pokhapokha ngati ma disks ena atapezeka omwe angapatse akatswiri azilankhulo mitundu yambiri kuti aphunzire kapena akatswiri ofukula zinthu zakale atapeza chimodzimodzi ndi mwala wa Rosetta, tiyenera kukumana ndi mwayi woti disk ya Phaistos ikhala chinsinsi chosangalatsa chomwe chikulozera, komabe sichikuwulula , chilankhulo chomwe tidataya.
