Phazi Laling'ono: kholo lokhala ndi moyo wazaka 3.6 miliyoni
Mu 2017, kutsatira kufukula kwakale kwa zaka 20 ku South Africa, ofufuza pamapeto pake adapeza ndikuyeretsa mafupa pafupifupi onse am'bale wakale: hominin wazaka pafupifupi 3.67 miliyoni wotchedwa "Little Foot."
Kupeza Kwa "Phazi Laling'ono":
Ngakhale mafupa anayi a bondo laling'ono la Little Foot adatoleredwa mu 1980, adakhalabe osadziwika mpaka 1994 pomwe a Ron Clarke, katswiri wodziyimira pawokha ku University of Witwatersrand ku Johannesburg, adapeza zidutswa za phazi ili ndikukumba m'bokosi la zakale la mafupa a nyama Mapanga a Sterkfontein ku South Africa, ndipo adatumiza ofufuza ena ku Sterkfontein Caves mu Julayi 1997 kuti akafufuze mayankho.
Kuchokera pamapangidwe am'manja anayi, adatha kudziwa kuti Little Foot amatha kuyenda molunjika. Kuchira kwa mafupawo kudakhala kovuta kwambiri komanso kotopetsa, chifukwa adakhazikika kwathunthu pathanthwe longa konkire.
Kubwezeretsa Zinthu Zakale:
Chiyambire kupezeka, ofufuzawa agwira ntchito molimbika kwazaka pafupifupi makumi awiri kuti akumbe ndikukonzekera zotsalira zakale kuti ziwonetsedwe ku Hominin Vault ku Yunivesite ya Witwatersrand's Evolutionary Study Institute ku Johannesburg, South Africa.
Gulu la "Phazi Laling'ono":
Zitapezeka, zosonkherazo kale zimaganiziridwa kuti zimakhala ndi mafupa akale a nyani. Koma kuwunika kunawonetsa kuti mafupa ena anali chinthu china. Asayansiwa adatcha chithunzi chatsopano chotchedwa Little Foot chifukwa mafupa ake amiyendo ndi ochepa.
Choyamba, kupezeka sikunaperekedwe kwa mtundu wina uliwonse wamtunduwu australopithecus. Koma chitadutsa chaka cha 1998, pomwe chigawo cha chigaza chidapezeka ndikupeza, Clarke adanenanso kuti zotsalazo mwina zimalumikizidwa ndi mtunduwo australopithecus, koma omwe 'mawonekedwe awo achilendo' sakugwirizana ndi chilichonse australopithecus mitundu yomwe idatchulidwa kale.
Clarke anafotokoza kuti Little Foot anali membala wa mtunduwo australopithecus, mofanana kwambiri ndi otchuka Lucy (Mapa afalopithecus), yemwe adakhala zaka pafupifupi 3.2 miliyoni zapitazo. Monga momwe dzina lake limatanthawuzira, australopithecus, kutanthauza kuti "anyani akummwera," ndi hominin wofanana ndi nyani.
The hominini gululi limaphatikizapo anthu, makolo athu ndi abale athu apachiyambi, monga chimps ndi gorilla. Mwakutero, hominins ndi anyani amisili omwe akulitsa kukula kwaubongo.
Chithunzi chatsopano cha Little Foot chatha kupitirira 90%, zomwe zimaposa zomwe Lucy, yemwe mafupa ake ali pafupifupi 40%.
Kufotokozera Kwa "Phazi Laling'ono" Ndi Momwe Amakhalira:
Mu 1995, kufotokozera koyamba kwa Little Foot kudasindikizidwa. Ochita kafukufuku adafotokoza kuti Little Foot amayenda molunjika komanso amatha kukhala mumitengo mothandizidwa ndi mayendedwe akuthwa. Izi zitha kuchitika chifukwa chakuphazi chachikulu chotsutsana.
Malinga ndi kafukufuku waposachedwa, Little Foot mwina anali wachikulire wamtali wa 4-inchi-3-inchi komanso wosadya zamasamba. Ofufuzawo adapezanso kuti mikono yake siyitali ngati miyendo yake, kutanthauza kuti anali ndi kufanana kofanana ndi kwa anthu amakono. Ndipo kutalika kwa chikhatho cha dzanja, komanso kutalika kwa fupa la chala, kunali kofupikitsa poyerekeza ndi kwa chimpanzi ndi gorilla. Dzanja linali lofanana ndi la anthu amakono, omwe amadziwika kuti osadziwika.
M'malo mwake, Little Foot ndiye hominin wakale kwambiri kudziwika kuti ali ndi izi, zomwe zikusonyeza kuti amadzimva kuti ali kunyumba akuyenda pansi kuposa mitundu ina, makamaka mitundu ya Australopithecus. Zoyeserera za Little Foot zopangidwa mu 2015, akuti ndi zaka 3.67 miliyoni pogwiritsa ntchito njira yatsopano yapawailesi.
Potengera zomwe nyama zolusa zidapeza, yemwe amakhala nthawi ya Little Foot ku Africa, ofufuza adati kugona pansi usiku ndizowopsa kwa iye. Amakhulupirira kuti zimawoneka ngati zotheka australopithecus anagona m'mitengo, mofanana ndi anyani amoyo amasiku ano ndi anyani omwe amapanga zisa zogona. Chifukwa cha zinthu zakale, amakhulupirira kuti Little Foot adakhala masiku ena akusaka chakudya m'mitengo.
Zomwe mafupawa akuwonetsa zikusonyeza kuti Little Foot adavulala m'manja adakali mwana. Komabe, kuvulala kwa Little Foot kudachira nthawi yayitali asanagwe m'phangamo ndikumwalira. Ochita kafukufuku amakhulupirira kuti kugwa kwakupha kumeneku kumachitika panthawi yomwe amalimbana ndi nyani wamkulu, chifukwa mafupa a m'modzi adapezeka pafupi kwambiri ndi iye.
Kutsiliza:
Ndizodabwitsa kwambiri kuganiza kuti pafupifupi zaka 3.7 miliyoni zapitazo, kwinakwake padziko lapansi pano, winawake adasandulika ngati munthu wamakono ndipo adabwereranso kumatenda onga anyani kenako adayambanso kusintha ndipo tsopano tili pano. Palibe chomwe tikusowa?
