Pakati pa 1947 ndi 1956, zolemba zakale zambiri zachipembedzo zolembedwa m'Chiheberi zidapezeka ku Qumran, Westbank, ku Israel. Zolemba zake zimadziwika kuti Mipukutu ya ku Dead Sea. Mwa zolembedwa izi, chosiyana kwambiri komanso chodabwitsa kwambiri ndi 'The Copper Scroll' yomwe idapezeka mu Phanga-3. Mpukutuwu umakhulupirira kuti ndiwolemba wakale kwambiri wopangidwa ndi anthu mpaka pano.
Kumbali ina, Mpukutu wa Mkuwa ndiwo mawu okhawo akale amene analipo kale amene anapangidwa pazitsulo (zopangidwa ndi mkuwa) osati pa zikopa (chikopa) kapena gumbwa ndipo tsopano akuwonetsedwa pa kwambiridani Museum ku Amman. Chosangalatsa kwambiri pamipukutu yakale iyi ndikuti magawo ambiri amalemba ake akadali kovuta kwa akatswiri ofukula zakale.
Chuma chotayika cha Mpukutu Wamkuwa
Mu 1956, pomwe wofukula mabwinja wachingelezi John M. Allegro atafufuza kaye kalembedwe kake, adawulula kuti unali mndandanda wazovuta, wokhala ndi malo obisika azachuma chobisika m'malo mongokhala zolembedwa pamanja zachipembedzo. Pali kutchulidwa kwa malo 64 otere komwe kudzakhalako chuma pafupifupi madola 200 biliyoni pachuma chamakono.
“Matalente makumi anayi mphambu awiri agona pansi pa masitepe a dzenje lamchere… Mabala makumi asanu ndi limodzi mphambu asanu agolidi agona pa bwalo lachitatu m'phanga la nyumba yakale ya Washers… matalente makumi asanu ndi awiri a siliva atsekeredwa m'mitengo yamatabwa yomwe ili mchitsime cha manda m'manda m'bwalo la Matia. Makilomita 3 kuchokera kutsogolo kwa zipata zakum'mawa, kuli chitsime. Matalente khumi ali m'ngalande ya chitsime… Zitsulo zisanu ndi chimodzi zasiliva zili pamphepete mwalawo womwe uli pansi pa khoma lakum'mawa kwa chitsimecho. Pakhomo la chitsimecho lili pansi pa khomo lalikulu lamiyala. Kumbani mikono inayi pakona yakumpoto ya dziwe lomwe lili kum'mawa kwa Kohlit. Padzakhala matalente makumi awiri ndi awiri a ndalama zasiliva. ” - (DSS 15QXNUMX, col. II, lomasuliridwa ndi Hack ndi Carey.)
Ambiri amakhulupirira kuti Mpukutu wa Copper udapangidwa kuchokera ku Yerusalemundimu kuyambira Apo is osanenapo of "The House of Mulungu ” kangapo m'malemba ake. Ndipo ambiri ataya miyoyo yawo kuyesera kuti apeze chuma chomwe chatayika ku Yerusalemu koma sichinapezeke. Mwina chuma chotaika cha Mpukutu wa Mkuwa chidabisikabe kwinakwake ku Yerusalemu kapena mwina chikupezeka mgulu lina lachinsinsi la dziko lino.
Akatswiri ofukula zinthu zakale Robert Feather komanso chinsinsi cha Mpukutu wa Mkuwa
Wofukula m'mabwinja wotchuka komanso metallurgist Robert Nthenga wakhala akufufuza pa Mpukutu Wamkuwa Wam'nyanja Yakufa kwazaka zambiri. Ndiye mkonzi woyambitsa wa "Wolemba Metallurgist," mkonzi wa 'Kuyeza ndi Kuyeza,' ndi wolemba wa “Chinsinsi Chake cha Mpukutu wa Mkuwa wa ku Qumran” ndi "Kuyamba Kobisika kwa Yesu ku Qumran."
A Feather awulula kuti Mpukutu wa Copper kwenikweni sunachokere ku Israeli chifukwa Israeli sanayeze golide mu 'Kilo', ndipo ndi zomwe adawona mozama, adapeza zilembo 14 zachi Greek m'mizere yosiyanasiyana, zomwe zikuwonetsa icho sichinalengedwe mu Israeli.
Malingana ndi iye, pepala lolembapo limapangidwa ndi 99.9% mkuwa wangwiro womwe umapezeka pamalo amodzi okha padziko lapansi, ndipo ndi Egypt. Choncho, Bambo Nthenga amakhulupirira kuti Mpukutu wa Copper sunapangidwe kwenikweni ku Yerusalemu, mwanjira ina unachokera ku Egypt komwe uli pamtunda wa makilomita 1000 kuchokera kumene unapezedwa ku Israel.
Pambuyo pake, itasanthulidwa bwino, adapeza mawu ena achiigupto monga 'Nahal', 'Haktag,' ndi ena onse omwe amatanthauza "mtsinje waukulu." Koma chakuti Yerusalemu kapena otchedwa 'Zurya' nthawi imeneyo kunalibe mitsinje mmenemo. Kumbali inayo, kunali mtsinje umodzi wokha womwe dzina lake lakhala likutchulidwa mobwerezabwereza m'mbiri, ndiye "Nile" womwe uli ku Egypt.
Pofuna kuti zinthu zisamveke bwino, a Feather adazindikira kuti zilembo 10 zachi Greek zomwe zidalembedwa mwachinsinsi zimapereka dzina 'Akhenaten'. Ndipo adazindikira kuti Mpukutu Wamkuwa kwenikweni ukunena za mzinda wakale waku Egypt wotchedwa 'Amarnawomwe unali likulu la Farao Akhenaten munthawi yake.
Nthawi ya Aten ku Egypt wakale
Amakhulupirira kuti Akhenaten anali farao yekhayo wosakhulupirika ku Egypt yemwe adakana milungu yonse, nati "Mulungu ndi m'modzi ndiye Aten," kutanthauza "Dzuwa" mchilankhulo chachi Greek. Olemba mbiri yakale amakhulupirira kuti 'Aten' sanali mulungu wophiphiritsa chabe, anali mulungu yekhayo amene Akhenaten kapena Aigupto ena adamuwona kumwamba ndi maso awo.
Akhenaten ndi Atenist ena ankakonda kupembedza dziko lonse lapansi la Dzuwa. Titha kuwonabe kuti dziko lapansi likubwera kuchokera kumwamba kupita kwa Aigupto munyimbo zakale zaku khoma ku Egypt.
Malinga ndi akatswiri azakale zakuthambo, chithunzicho chikuwonetsa mpira wachilendo wobwera kuchokera kudziko lina, mwina chinthu chakuthambo monga UFO kapena ozungulira Alien Spaceship.
M'nthawi yakale ya Aigupto, Akhenaten asanakhale farao, Aigupto anali kuchitira pharao wawo ngati mulungu ngakhale amadziwa kuti sanali avatar ya Mulungu. Koma Akhenaten adasinthiratu zikhulupiriro zawo, nanena kuti ndi 'Mulungu Wamoyo'.
Chinsinsi chodabwitsa cha farao wakale wa Aigupto Akhenaten
Akhenaten analidi munthu wosiyana kwambiri m'mbiri yaku Egypt. Chigaza chake chinali chachitali kuposa cha munthu wina aliyense wamba, ndipo mimba yake inali kunja kwa thupi lake ndipo miyendo inali yowonda kwambiri. Chifukwa cha mawonekedwe achilendowa, ambiri amakhulupirira kuti sanali wochokera kudziko lino. Zinali zachilendo, gawo lomaliza la moyo wake linali losamvetsetseka monga Mpukutu Wamkuwa ulili lero.
Pambuyo pa imfa ya Farao Akhenaten, Aiguputo anayesetsa kuti athetseretu kukhalanso ku Igupto. Pochita izi, adachotsa mayina onse ndi zithunzi zolembedwa za Akhenaten pakhoma lililonse la Nyumba ya Mulungu (Kachisi). Akhenaten ankadziwikanso kuti "Aman-e-her-Isi".
Chinsinsi kuseri kwa manda a Akhenaten
Mu 1932, wolemba mbiri waku Britain a John Pendlebury atazindikira manda a Akhenaten, panalibe umboni umodzi woti anali Akhenaten m'manda amenewo ndipo ena amakhulupirira kuti adayikidwa m'manda Chigwa cha Mafumu. Koma olemba mbiri posachedwapa adziwa kuti manda omwe akuganiza kuti si a Akhenaten. Tsopano, zikuwoneka kuti a Farao Akhenaten adangowonongeka osasiya chilichonse mdziko lino.
M'malo mwake, olemba mbiri amakhulupirira ngati manda ake apezeka, chuma chambiri - chofunikira kwambiri kuposa kupezeka kwa A Tutankhamen piramidi ― ipezeka. Zinsinsi zonse zaku Egypt, "Kodi Manda a Akhenaten" ndi mutu wanji ndipo ngati mtembo wake ungapezeke mayankho amafunsidwanso kuti "Kodi a Farao Akhenaten adachokera kudziko lino kapena komwe adachokera dziko? ”
Mbiri ya Milungu ndi golidi
M'mabuku a Sumeriya, amatchulidwa za nkhani ngati izi pomwe anthu amatolera golide wambiri kwa milungu yawo. Malinga ndi zolembedwazo, anthu ambiri adapangidwa kuti azigwira ntchitoyi, ndipo sikuti ndi chitukuko cha Asumeri kokha, koma palinso maumboni angapo amitundu yofananayo yazikhalidwe zosiyanasiyana padziko lonse lapansi.
Pomwe chowonadi ndichakuti sakanatha kugwiritsa ntchito golide wawo aliyense; ndipo pafupifupi golide yense yemwe watchulidwa m'malemba amenewo sanapezeke kulikonse padziko lapansi. Tsopano mafunso angapo amabwera m'malingaliro athu ”Kodi golide yense tsopano ali kuti? Kodi Mulungu adachotsa golideyo kumalo ena monga pulaneti ina? Ngati sichoncho, kodi zikadali pano? Kotero, ili kuti pa Dziko Lapansi? Kodi Mulungu anali kuchita chiyani ndi golidi ameneyu? ”
Kugwiritsa ntchito golide muukadaulo wapamwamba
Pafupifupi tonse tikudziwa kuti golide ndi chitsulo chabwino komanso chothandiza chomwe chimafunikira ukadaulo uliwonse wamakono ndi ukadaulo wamakono. Masiku ano, imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamagetsi osiyanasiyana monga mafoni, makompyuta, ndege zamlengalenga, ndi zina zambiri komwe kulibe zolowa m'malo ena.
Mawu omaliza
Mwina chuma (golidi) chidagwiritsidwadi ntchito mumlengalenga ndi zida zina zaukadaulo zazida zapamwamba, kapena chinali gawo lapadera la zolengedwa zina ndipo pambuyo pake adaperekezedwa kudziko lina. Kapenanso, chuma cha Mpukutu wa Copper chimabisikabe kwinakwake mkati mwa manda a Akhenaten. Ngati ndi choncho, ndiye kuti sizingakhale zomveka kuganiza kuti chuma chomwe chidzapezeke kumeneko sichidzangokhala golide komanso zinthu zina zamtengo wapatali komanso zamtengo wapatali zomwe sitingathe kuziganizira!
