Qhov zais qhov tob ntawm keeb kwm ib txwm ua rau peb xav tsis thoob, nthuav tawm cov kab lis kev cai tshwj xeeb thiab kev vam meej uas ib zaug muaj. Ib qho zoo nkauj zoo nkauj los ntawm qhov tob ntawm lub sijhawm yog zaj dab neeg zoo kawg nkaus ntawm tus poj niam Tocharian. Unearthed nyob rau hauv qhov deb-flung mus txog ntawm lub Tarim Basin, nws seem thiab cov dab neeg nws nqa muab ib glimpse rau hauv ib tug ploj kev vam meej thiab lawv cov keeb kwm txawv tshaj plaw.
Tocharian Poj Niam - qhov kev tshawb pom tsis meej
Nestled nyob rau hauv rugged struts ntawm Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region nyob rau sab qaum teb hnub poob Tuam Tshoj, Tarim Basin yog ib tug inhospitable expanse ntawm arid av, whipped los ntawm huab cua suab puam. Nyob nruab nrab ntawm cov toj roob hauv pes desolate no, archaeologists uncovered lub seem ntawm ib tug poj niam teej tug mus rau ntev-poob Tocharian civilization.
Tus poj niam Tocharian qhov seem, pom nyob rau hauv Xiaohe Cemetery, hnub rov qab tshaj 3,000 xyoo. Ua tsaug rau qhov zoo kawg nkaus khaws cia ntawm qhov chaw faus neeg, nws lub cev tau pom qhwv hauv tsiaj nkaum thiab adorned nrog elaborate hniav nyiaj hniav kub thiab textiles. Tus poj niam no, tam sim no hu ua "Tocharian Poj Niam," muaj kev nkag siab tshwj xeeb rau kev nplua nuj thiab kev coj noj coj ua ntawm cov neeg Tocharian.
Lwm cov mummies pom nyob rau hauv Tarim Basin hnub rov qab mus txog 1800 BCE. Astonishingly, tag nrho cov Trocharian mummies pom nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam no tau zoo kawg nkaus khaws cia, nrog lawv cov tawv nqaij, plaub hau, thiab khaub ncaws tseem zoo. Ntau lub mummies tau faus nrog cov khoom qub xws li cov pob tawb, textiles, pottery, thiab qee zaum txawm riam phom.
Cov Trocharians yog cov neeg Caucasian lossis Indo-European cov neeg uas nyob hauv Tarim Basin thaum lub hnub nyoog Bronze. Qhov kev tshawb pom ntawm cov mummies no tau pab txhawb rau peb txoj kev nkag siab ntawm cov pej xeem thaum ub ntawm thaj av no.
Tocharian - kab lis kev cai tapestry
Cov Tocharians yog ib tug ancient Indo-European kev vam meej ntseeg tau tsiv mus rau Tarim Basin los ntawm sab hnub poob thaum lub sij hawm Bronze Age. Txawm hais tias lawv lub cev nyob ib leeg, Tocharians tau tsim muaj kev vam meej heev thiab muaj kev txawj ntse hauv ntau yam, xws li kev ua liaj ua teb mus rau kev kos duab thiab khoom siv tes ua.
Los ntawm kev txheeb xyuas qhov tob ntawm Tocharian Poj Niam qhov seem thiab cov khoom qub, cov kws tshaj lij tau sib sau ua ke cov ntsiab lus ntawm Tocharian txoj kev ntawm lub neej. Intricate textiles thiab dai kom zoo nkauj pom nyob rau hauv nws lub ntxa los ua teeb pom kev rau lawv cov txheej txheem weaving advanced thiab artistic prowess. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov pov thawj ntawm kev kho hniav thaum ntxov thiab kev kho mob qhia tias Tocharians muaj kev nkag siab zoo heev ntawm kev kho mob rau lawv lub sijhawm.
Austere kev zoo nkauj thiab kev sib pauv kab lis kev cai
Tus poj niam Tocharian tshwj xeeb khaws cia muab lub sijhawm tshwj xeeb los kawm txog lub cev ntawm cov neeg Tocharian. Nws lub ntsej muag Caucasian thiab lub ntsej muag zoo li European tau ua rau muaj kev sib cav txog keeb kwm thiab kev tsiv teb tsaws chaw ntawm kev vam meej thaum ub. Lub xub ntiag ntawm cov neeg nyob sab Europe nyob rau hauv ib cheeb tsam kom deb li deb sab hnub tuaj los ntawm lawv lub teb chaws muaj kev sib tw cov lus piav qhia keeb kwm thiab txhawb kom rov ntsuam xyuas cov kev tsiv teb tsaws chaw qub.
Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov kev tshawb pom ntawm cov ntawv sau hauv Tocharian lus, ib ceg uas ploj lawm ntawm tsev neeg Indo-European lus, tau tso cai rau cov kws qhia ntawv kom nkag siab txog kev paub lus ntawm lub sijhawm. Cov ntawv sau no tau pom qhov kev sib pauv kev coj noj coj ua txawv txawv ntawm Tocharians thiab lawv cov neeg nyob sib ze, rov hais dua txog kev paub ntau thiab kev sib txuas ntawm cov zej zog qub.
Txawm hais tias feem ntau ntawm cov keeb kwm hais tias Trocharians yog ib ceg ntawm Indo-European-hais lus zej zog, muaj. Cov pov thawj uas qhia tias lawv yuav yog cov neeg Caucasian thaum ub uas tsiv mus rau thaj av tej zaum los ntawm North America lossis Southern Russia.
khaws cia thiab sib faib cuab yeej cuab tam
Kev cia siab txog kev khaws cia ntawm Tocharian Poj Niam thiab cov relics ntawm Tocharians tso cai rau peb pom mus rau hauv ib qho kev vam meej uas tsis nco qab ntev uas tau vam meej nyob nruab nrab ntawm Turpan Basin. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom txaus siab rau qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev tshawb fawb archaeological thiab ceev faj khaws cia ntawm artifacts, raws li lawv muab peb cov yuam sij rau account lub secrets ntawm peb yav dhau los. Nws yog los ntawm kev tshawb fawb thiab kev tshawb fawb txuas ntxiv uas peb tuaj yeem khaws thiab qhia cov cuab yeej cuab tam nplua nuj ntawm Tocharians, kom ntseeg tau tias lawv cov dab neeg thiab kev ua tiav tsis raug xa mus rau qhov tsis txaus ntseeg.
