Nyob rau hauv thaj av nthuav dav ntawm cov ntawv sau keeb kwm, qhov twg cov dab neeg ntawm kev vam meej thaum ub thiab kev paub tsis nco qab tau khaws cia, ob peb phau ntawv nyiam qhov kev xav zoo li Sibiu Cov Ntawv Sau. Tshawb nrhiav pom hauv Transylvanian lub nroog me me ntawm Sibiu, phau ntawv xyoo pua 16th no tsis zoo li lwm yam, rau hauv nws cov nplooj daj daj yog qhov kev tshwm sim zoo kawg li: ib qho kev xav tsis txaus ntseeg ntawm ntau theem foob pob hluav taws. Thaum lub sij hawm thaum lub ntiaj teb tseem blissfully tsis paub txog lub marvels ntawm spaceflight, lub Sibiu Manuscript qhia txog ib tug zais tshooj nyob rau hauv peb keeb kwm, qhov twg technology thiab ingenuity tej zaum yuav tau mus txog qhov siab uas tsis tau muaj dua.
Sibiu Manuscript uas defies lub sijhawm
Sibiu Manuscript paub tias tau hais txog cov roj ua kua thiab ntau theem foob pob hluav taws nrog rau lawv cov kev tsim kho. Ntau tus neeg tsis ntseeg thaum nws los paub txog tej yam zoo li no uas cuam tshuam txhua yam uas lawv tau paub txog lawv tam sim no. Tab sis ntau rau lawv qhov kev tsis ntseeg, 450-nplooj ntawv sau tau pom hauv Romania txog rau xyoo caum dhau los los ntawm Doru Todericiu, tus xibfwb ntawm Science thiab Technology ntawm University of Buchares, muaj tseeb tiag. Cov ntawv sau tau rov qab los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv khaws tseg ntawm lub nroog Sibiu (Sibiu cov ntaub ntawv pej xeem Varia II 374), xyoo 1961.
Doru Todericu tau tshawb pom cov ntawv sau thiab kos duab uas qhia txog cov phom loj thaum ntxov, ballistics thiab ntau lub foob pob hluav taws. Txawm hais tias Sibiu Manuscript tau pom nyob rau thaum ntxov 1960s, ntau tus tau xav tias cov lus thiab cov lus siv hauv cov ntawv sau tuaj yeem rov qab mus ntxiv, nyob ib ncig ntawm lub xyoo pua 16th. Tsis muaj leej twg paub tias leej twg yog tus lav ris rau cov ntawv sau lawv tus kheej, tab sis ib tug txiv neej German npe hu ua Conrad Haas tau txais txiaj ntsig rau qhov kev ua yeeb yam zoo kawg nkaus hauv keeb kwm, thiab tseem yog thawj tus neeg los tsim ntau lub foob pob hluav taws.
Conrad Haas - ib tug pioneering engineer ntawm Mediaeval lub sij hawm
Conrad Haas (1509-1576) yog Austrian lossis Transylvanian Saxon tub rog kws ua haujlwm los ntawm Lub Tebchaws Hungary, Transylvania. Nws ntseeg tias yog tus pioneer ntawm foob pob hluav taws. Nws cov qauv tsim suav nrog peb-theem foob pob hluav taws thiab foob pob hluav taws. Nws cov duab kos thiab cov tswv yim yog qhov zoo tiag tiag tab sis coj txawv txawv xav txog lub sijhawm.
Haas tau yug los hauv Dornbach uas tam sim no yog ib feem ntawm Hernals, Vienna. Nws tuav txoj haujlwm ntawm Zeugwart (tus thawj tswj hwm khoom siv) ntawm Imperial Habsburg pab tub rog nyob hauv Ferdinand. Xyoo 1551, Stephen Báthory, tus tub huabtais loj ntawm Transylvania tau caw Haas mus rau Hermannstadt, Sab Hnub Tuaj Hungarian Lub Nceeg Vaj, tam sim no tau hloov npe ua Sibiu, qhov uas nws tau ua haujlwm ua riam phom thiab nws tseem pib qhia ntawm Klausenburg, tam sim no hu ua Cluj-Napoca.
Nws tau sau ntawv hais lus German txog foob pob hluav taws thev naus laus zis, cuam tshuam nrog kev sib foob ntawm foob pob hluav taws thiab riam phom thev naus laus zis, uas tau paub dav tias yog Sibiu Cov Ntawv Sau.
Haas txoj haujlwm tseem tau hais nrog txoj kev xav ntawm kev txav chaw ntawm ntau lub foob pob hluav taws, sib xyaw cov roj sib txawv siv cov roj ua kua, thiab qhia txog qhov zoo li lub fins thiab lub taub hau zoo li lub tswb.
Hauv kab lus kawg ntawm nws tshooj ntawm kev siv tub rog siv foob pob hluav taws, nws sau (txhais lus):
"Tab sis kuv cov lus qhia yog kom muaj kev thaj yeeb nyab xeeb dua thiab tsis muaj kev ua tsov ua rog, tso phom ntev kom ruaj khov, yog li cov mos txwv tsis raug tua, rab phom tsis kub hnyiab lossis ntub, yog li tus tub huabtais khaws nws cov nyiaj, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tswj nws lub neej; qhov ntawd yog cov lus qhia Conrad Haas muab. "
Sibiu Manuscript thiab kev sim ntawm Johann Schmidlap
Johann Schmidlap ntawm Schorndorf yog lub xyoo pua 16th Bavarian foob pob hluav taws tsim thiab foob pob hluav taws pioneer. Nws luam tawm phau ntawv ntawm foob pob hluav taws, "Künstliche thiab rechtschaffene Fewrwerck zum Schimpff," thawj zaug luam tawm hauv Nuremberg xyoo 1561.
Schmidlap ntseeg tias yog thawj tus neeg ua tiav qhov kev sib tw foob pob hluav taws. Nws tau hais tias nws ua nws lub foob pob hluav taws raws li lub tswv yim tham hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm Conrad Haas. Nws sim nrog kev ua yeeb yam hauv xyoo 1590, siv tus qauv nws hu ua "foob pob hluav taws."
Ua ntej pom ntawm Haas 'cov ntawv sau, thawj qhov kev piav qhia ntawm peb-theem foob pob hluav taws tau nyob hauv tebchaws Poland tau txais txiaj ntsig los ntawm Polish tus kws tshaj lij phom loj Kazimierz Siemienowicz hauv nws txoj haujlwm 1650, "Artis Magnae Artilleriae Pars Prima."
