Tib neeg cov txheeb ze raug faus lawv cov neeg tuag 100,000 xyoo ua ntej tib neeg niaj hnub ua, tshawb nrhiav kev thov

Tus neeg txheeb ze uas ploj lawm Homo naledi, uas nws lub hlwb yog ib feem peb ntawm qhov loj ntawm peb, faus lawv cov neeg tuag thiab engraved lub qhov tsua phab ntsa nyob ib ncig ntawm 300,000 xyoo dhau los, raws li kev tshawb fawb tshiab uas yog overturning txoj kev xav uas tsuas yog tib neeg niaj hnub thiab peb cov kwv tij Neanderthal tuaj yeem ua cov haujlwm nyuaj no.

Siv cov pob txha scans, paleoartist John Gurche siv sijhawm li 700 teev ua ib qho kev tsim kho ntawm Homo naledi lub taub hau. — Siv cov pob txha scans, paleoartist John Gurche siv sijhawm li 700 teev ua kev tsim kho dua tshiab *Homo naledi's* taub hau. © Mark Thiessen, National Geographic | Siv ncaj ncees.

Txawm li cas los xij, qee cov kws tshaj lij hais tias cov pov thawj tsis txaus los xaus Homo naledi faus los yog memorialized lawv cov neeg tuag.

Archaeologists xub pom qhov seem ntawm Homo naledi nyob rau hauv lub Rising Star Cave system ntawm South Africa nyob rau hauv 2013. Txij thaum ntawd los, tshaj 1,500 skeletal fragments los ntawm ntau tus neeg tau pom nyob rau hauv lub 2.5 mais-ntev (4 kilometers).

Anatomy ntawm Homo naledi yog paub zoo vim yog qhov zoo kawg nkaus khaws cia ntawm lawv cov seem; lawv yog bipedal creatures uas sawv ib ncig ntawm 5 ko taw (1.5 meters) siab thiab hnyav 100 phaus (45 kilograms), thiab lawv muaj ob txhais tes dexterous thiab me me tab sis nyuaj lub hlwb, cov yam ntxwv uas tau coj mus rau kev sib cav txog qhov nyuaj ntawm lawv tus cwj pwm. Nyob rau hauv ib txoj kev tshawb fawb 2017 luam tawm nyob rau hauv phau ntawv journal Elife, Pab Pawg Rising Star tau hais tias Homo naledi tau lub hom phiaj faus lawv cov neeg tuag hauv lub qhov tsua.

Ib tug schematic ntawm ob lub faus neeg uas tau pom nyob rau hauv lub Dinaledi Chamber ntawm lub Rising Star Cave. (A) Txoj hauj lwm ntawm burials txheeb ze rau 2013-2016 excavations yog piav qhia los ntawm square cheeb tsam. (B) Qhov no yog ib daim duab ntawm lub ntsiab faus nta. Feature 1 yog lub cev ntawm Homo naledi cov neeg laus kuaj. Feature 2 qhia tsawg kawg ib lub cev menyuam yaus ntawm ntug ntawm qhov chaw faus. (C) thiab (D) yog cov duab piv txwv uas qhia tias cov pob txha nyob hauv qhov ntxa. — Ib tug schematic ntawm ob lub faus neeg uas tau pom nyob rau hauv lub Dinaledi Chamber ntawm lub Rising Star Cave. (A) Txoj hauj lwm ntawm burials txheeb ze rau 2013-2016 excavations yog piav qhia los ntawm square cheeb tsam. (B) Qhov no yog ib daim duab ntawm lub ntsiab faus nta. Feature 1 yog lub cev ntawm a *Homo naledi* tus qauv neeg laus. Feature 2 qhia tsawg kawg ib lub cev menyuam yaus ntawm ntug ntawm qhov chaw faus. (C) thiab (D) yog cov duab piv txwv uas qhia tias cov pob txha nyob hauv qhov ntxa. © Duab los ntawm Berger et al., 2023 / National Geographic | Siv ncaj ncees.

Xyoo no hauv lub rooj sib tham xov xwm rau Lub Rau Hli 1, paleoanthropologist Lee Berger, Rising Star txoj haujlwm ua tus thawj coj, thiab nws cov npoj yaig uas tau thov nrog peb qhov kev tshawb fawb tshiab, luam tawm hnub Monday (Lub Rau Hli 5) ntawm lub preprint server bioRxiv, uas ua ke muab cov pov thawj tseem ceeb tshaj plaws kom deb li deb tau. Homo naledi lub hom phiaj faus lawv cov neeg tuag thiab tsim cov engraving muaj nuj nqis rau ntawm lub pob zeb saum cov faus. Cov kev tshawb pom tseem tsis tau raug tshuaj xyuas.

Cov kev tshawb fawb tshiab piav txog ob qhov ntiav, oval-shaped pits nyob rau hauv pem teb ntawm ib lub qhov tsua chamber uas muaj skeletal tseem zoo li lub faus ntawm cev nqaij daim tawv uas tau them nyob rau hauv sediment thiab ces decomposed. Ib qho ntawm cov burials tej zaum txawm muaj xws li ib tug grave fij: ib lub pob zeb artifact tau pom nyob rau hauv ze ze nrog tes thiab dab teg pob txha.

Berger tau hais hauv lub rooj sib tham xov xwm hais tias "peb xav tias lawv tau ntsib qhov kev sim litmus ntawm tib neeg faus neeg lossis kev faus neeg archaic." Yog tias txais, cov kws tshawb fawb cov lus txhais yuav thawb rov qab cov pov thawj ntxov tshaj plaws ntawm lub hom phiaj faus los ntawm 100,000 xyoo, cov ntaub ntawv yav dhau los tuav los ntawm Homo sapiens.

Cov tub ntxhais hluas faus neeg thiab ib lub cuab yeej pob zeb muaj peev xwm tau pom nyob rau hauv Hill Antechamber. Dluab A thiab B yog hla ntu CT scans ntawm plaster jacketed feature tshem tawm ntawm lub chamber. CF yog 3D digital reconstructions ntawm cov pob txha nyob rau hauv lub faus, nrog rau cov cuab yeej zoo li pob zeb (txiv kab ntxwv) nyob ze ntawm tes ntawm tus me nyuam hnub nyoog 13 xyoo. © Duab los ntawm Berger et al., 2023 / National Geographic | Siv ncaj ncees.

Qhov pom ntawm abstract engravings rau ntawm phab ntsa pob zeb ntawm Rising Star Cave system kuj qhia tias Homo naledi muaj tus cwj pwm nyuaj, cov kws tshawb fawb qhia hauv lwm qhov tshiab preprint. Cov kab no, cov duab, thiab "hashtag" zoo li cov duab zoo li tau ua rau ntawm qhov chaw tshwj xeeb-npaj tsim los ntawm Homo naledi, leej twg sanded lub pob zeb ua ntej engraving nws nrog ib tug pob zeb cuab yeej. Txoj kab tob, muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab kev txiav txim siab qhia tias lawv tau lub hom phiaj ua tsis yog tsim los ntawm ib txwm muaj.

Berger tau hais tias "Muaj faus ntawm cov tsiaj no ncaj qha hauv qab no cov ntawv sau," Berger hais tias, uas qhia tias qhov no yog Homo naledi thaj chaw kab lis kev cai. "Lawv tau hloov kho qhov chaw no hla ntau mais ntawm lub qhov tsua hauv av."

Engravings tau pom nyob rau hauv Hill Antechamber burial chamber, xws li ib tug upside-down cross shape. Kuj tseem muaj cov khoom siv rau saum npoo los qhia txog cov duab tsis-geometric nyob rau hauv lub teeb qis, txawm tias qhov no tseem tsis tau txheeb xyuas. © National Geographic | Siv ncaj ncees.

Hauv lwm daim ntawv sau ua ntej, Agustín Fuentes, tus kws tshawb fawb keeb kwm ntawm Princeton University, thiab cov npoj yaig tshawb nrhiav yog vim li cas Homo naledi siv lub qhov tsua system. "Kev sib koom thiab npaj kev tso tawm ntawm ntau lub cev hauv Rising Star system" nrog rau cov ntawv kos yog cov pov thawj tias cov tib neeg no tau koom nrog kev ntseeg lossis kev xav nyob ib puag ncig kev tuag thiab tej zaum yuav tau nco txog cov neeg tuag, "ib yam dab tsi yuav hais txog 'kev sib koom kev tu siab. ' nyob rau hauv tib neeg niaj hnub," lawv sau. Lwm cov kws tshawb fawb, txawm li cas los xij, tsis ntseeg siab los ntawm kev txhais lus tshiab.

“Tib neeg tej zaum yuav tau ua cov cim zuam ntawm pob zeb. Qhov ntawd tsis txaus los pab txhawb rau qhov kev sib tham no txog kev xav paub daws teeb meem, "Athreya hais. Tseem muaj lus nug txog yuav ua li cas Homo naledi tau mus rau hauv Rising Star Cave system; qhov kev xav tias nws yog qhov nyuaj underlies ntau ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb 'kev txhais lus ntawm tus cwj pwm muaj txiaj ntsig.

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