Nekhen yog lub nroog tsis khoom nyob rau sab hnub poob ntawm ntug dej Nile hauv tebchaws Iziv thaum ub, ntev ua ntej cov pyramids tau tsim. Lub chaw qub qub tau hu ua Hierakonpolis, Greek lub ntsiab lus "Lub nroog ntawm Hawk," tab sis tam sim no lub npe hu ua Kom el-Ahmar.
Qhov tseeb, Nekhen yog qhov chaw tseem ceeb rau cov neeg sau keeb kwm nrhiav kom nkag siab lub hauv paus chiv keeb ntawm dynasty Egyptian kev vam meej, thiab nws yog qhov loj tshaj plaws predynastic Egyptian site tseem tsis tau pom. Qhov seem nws tus kheej hnub tim 4000 txog 2890 BC.
Raws li Hierakonpolis Expedition, "Thaum nws lub ncov, txog 3600-3500 BC, Hierakonpolis yuav tsum yog ib qho ntawm, yog tias tsis yog, lub nroog loj tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv Nile, lub cheeb tsam ntawm lub hwj chim thiab lub peev ntawm lub nceeg vaj thaum ntxov." Lub nroog nws thiaj li dhau los ua qhov chaw kev cai dab qhuas rau falcon vajtswv Horus, yog ib qho tseem ceeb tshaj plaws deities nyob rau hauv ancient Egyptian pantheon, vim hais tias pharaohs tau xav tias yog Vajtswv lub ntiaj teb tshwm sim.
Raws li tau piav qhia hauv ib tsab xov xwm hais txog kev coj noj coj ua ntawm Horus, “Cov neeg nyob hauv Nekhen ntseeg tias vajntxwv kav yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm Horus. Thaum Narmer, tus kav los ntawm Nekhen suav tias yog lub koom haum ntawm Iyiv, tau ua tiav hauv kev tswj hwm ob sab qaum teb thiab qis qis, lub tswv yim ntawm vaj ntxwv no yog qhov tshwm sim hauv ntiaj teb ntawm Horus ua tiav lub tebchaws tseem ceeb. "
Lub discovery ntawm Nekhen (Hierakonpolis)
Tam sim no lub vev xaib tau dhau los ntawm ntau tshaj li ib puas xyoo ntawm kev tshawb nrhiav archaeological, uas tseem niaj hnub no nrog Hierakonpolis Expedition, uas yog uncovering tshiab discoveries. Qhov chaw tau hais thawj zaug hauv 1798 thaum Vivant Denon tshawb xyuas thaj av ntawd ua ib feem ntawm Napoleonic ntoj ke mus kawm rau tim lyiv teb chaws.
Thaum nws tsis nkag siab qhov tseem ceeb ntawm qhov chaw, nws tau piav txog cov ruins ntawm ib lub tuam tsev qub ntawm lub qab ntug hauv nws daim duab. Tom qab nws mus txog rau lub hlis, nws tau luam tawm nws cov ntawv sau cia, Voyage Dans la Basse thiab Haute Egypte (1802).
Thaum lwm tus neeg tuaj xyuas pom cov khib nyiab hauv thaj av ntawd, nws yog Flinders Petrie, uas tau tsim lub Egyptian Research Account, uas tau xa JE Quibell los sim khawb qhov chaw nyob rau xyoo 1897. Txawm hais tias lub xaib twb tau nyiag lawm, lawv tau pib khawb rau ntawm qhov chaw. dab tsi tam sim no hu ua "qhov loj tshaj plaws predynastic kev sib hais haum tseem extant."
Lub tuam tsev uas tau piav qhia los ntawm Denon tau raug rhuav tshem xyoo dhau los, tab sis thaum lub sijhawm khawb av, Quibell tau tshawb pom qhov txawv tshaj plaw: ib daim duab kub thiab tooj liab ntawm Horus tus falcon deity hauv qab lub ruins ntawm lub tuam tsev av nkos.
Qhov no tau ua raws li kev tshawb pom ntawm lub neej loj ntawm tus pej thuam ntawm King Pepi, uas tuav ib tug zoo xws li nws tus tub huab tais Merenre, thiab tam sim no yog nyob rau ntawm lub tsev khaws puav pheej Egyptian hauv Cairo.
Nekhen qhov kev tshawb pom tseem ceeb
Txoj Kev Sib Koom Tes Sib Koom Tes Hierakonpolis tau pib xyoo 1967 thiab tseem tab tom mus rau niaj hnub no. Archaeologists tau tshawb pom ntau yam ntawm lub nroog qub no, xws li tsev neeg cov qauv thiab cov khib nyiab mounds mus rau cov chaw ntseeg thiab kev ntseeg, toj ntxas, faus neeg, thiab lub palace thaum ntxov dynasty.
Lawv tau tshawb pom cov breweries thiab pottery studios, nrog rau cov pov thawj ntawm lub vaj tsiaj lossis menagerie, nrog rau khej, ntxhw, baboons, tsov txaij, hippos, thiab ntau dua, nrog rau cov tsiaj faus rau hauv lossis ze-cov neeg tseem ceeb tombs.
Raws li cov kws tshawb fawb tau dhia mus rau hauv qhov chaw puas tsuaj, lawv tau tshawb pom cov khoom xws li ivory statuettes, mace hau, sculptures pob zeb, ceramics, ceramics, lapis lazuli daim duab, thiab terracotta statuettes.
Lub Palette ntawm King Narmer (saib daim duab saum toj kawg nkaus) yog ib qho ntawm cov khoom tseem ceeb tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv Nekhen rau hnub tim, yos rov qab mus rau Lub Sij Hawm Thaum Ntxov (Early Dynastic Period) kwv yees li 3100 BC. Nws tau pom nyob rau xyoo 1890 hauv qhov tso nyiaj ntawm lub tuam tsev ntawm Nekhen thiab muaj cov ntawv sau hieroglyphic uas tau ntseeg tias yog cov "thawj cov ntaub ntawv nom tswv hauv keeb kwm."
Raws li qee cov kws sau keeb kwm, cov hieroglyphs qhia txog kev sib koom ua ke ntawm Upper thiab Lower Egypt. Nws yog ib qho piv txwv ntxov tshaj plaws ntawm ib tug huab tais Egyptian, uas cov kws tshawb fawb ntseeg tias yog Narmer lossis Menes. Lwm qhov kev tshawb pom tseem ceeb yog lub qhov ntxa pleev xim, uas tau pom nyob rau hauv lub faus chamber ntawm Nekhen ntawm 3500 thiab 3200 BC.
Lub qhov ntxa phab ntsa no tau pleev xim rau, ua rau nws ua piv txwv qub tshaj plaws ntawm cov phab ntsa pleev xim rau Egyptian paub txog niaj hnub no. Lub tableau piav qhia txog kev faus neeg nrog kev piav qhia ntawm Mesopotamian reed nkoj, cov neeg ua haujlwm, deities, thiab tsiaj txhu.
Mus ntsib Nekhen (Hierakonpolis)
Hmoov tsis zoo, qhov chaw tsis qhib rau pej xeem. Cov neeg uas xav tshawb xyuas cov seem seem ntawm Nekhen yuav tsum xub tau txais kev tso cai los ntawm Ministry of Tourism thiab Antiquities. Kom tau txais kev nkag siab ntawm qhov chaw txawv txawv no, nyeem txog qhov kev tshawb pom tshiab tshaj plaws uas tau ua los ntawm Hierakonpolis Expedition.
