Ib tug Paub tsis meej 5,000-xyoo-laus Ancient City nrhiav tau nyob rau hauv Iraq 10 Meter-dav

Hauv thaj tsam Kurdistan ntawm sab qaum teb Iraq, qhov seem ntawm lub nroog qub hu ua "Ib" tau nrhiav pom. Nws yog xav tias lub nroog, uas tam sim no tau faus rau hauv qab lub mound ntsuas 32 ko taw (10 meters) nyob rau hauv qhov siab, ib zaug ua ib lub hub rau ntau txhiab tus pej xeem kev ua ub no ntawm 3,300 thiab 2,900 xyoo dhau los.

Archaeologists nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam Kurdistan ntawm sab qaum teb Iraq tau pom ib lub nroog qub uas hu ua "Idu." Lub tsev kawm ntawv tau nyob deb ntawm lub sijhawm Neolithic, thaum ua liaj ua teb thawj zaug tshwm sim hauv Middle East, thiab lub nroog tau mus txog qhov loj tshaj plaws ntawm 3,300 thiab 2,900 xyoo dhau los. Lub tsev qhia ntawm no yog cov qauv hauv tsev, muaj tsawg kawg yog ob chav, uas tej zaum yuav lig rau hauv lub nroog lub neej, tej zaum nyob ib ncig ntawm 2,000 xyoo dhau los thaum lub tebchaws Parthian tswj hwm thaj chaw. © Duab credit: Courtesy Cinzia Pappi.

Nws yog yav tas los tau ntim nrog cov palaces zoo nkauj, raws li muaj pov thawj los ntawm cov ntawv sau rau huab tais ntawm phab ntsa, ntsiav tshuaj, thiab pob zeb plinths uas tuaj yeem pom muaj.

Ib tug neeg nyob hauv lub zos nyob ze tuaj hla ib lub ntsiav tshuaj uas lub npe "Ib" tau etched txog ib xyoo caum dhau los, uas coj mus rau lub discovery ntawm cov ntsiav tshuaj. Nws yog ntseeg hais tias inscription tau ua nyob rau hauv kev hwm ntawm kev tsim kho ntawm lub vaj ntxwv vaj ntxwv los ntawm cov vaj ntxwv uas kav cheeb tsam thaum lub sij hawm.

Cov nram qab no ntau xyoo tau siv los ntawm archaeologists los ntawm University of Leipzig nyob rau hauv Leipzig, lub teb chaws Yelemees, excavating cheeb tsam. Lawv ntseeg hais tias lub tebchaws Axilias tau kav lub nroog Idu rau ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm nws cov keeb kwm, uas tshwm sim kwv yees li 3,300 xyoo dhau los.

Lub hauv paus chiv keeb ntawm Assyrian kev vam meej tau sau hnub rau peb txhiab xyoo BC. Thaum Assyria yog lub hwj chim tseem ceeb hauv Middle East hauv thawj xyoo txhiab BC, qee qhov ntawm nws cov ruins zoo tshaj plaws tau tsim.

Tus pej thuam ntawm Ashurnasirpal II — Duab puab ntawm Ashurnasirpal II © Duab Credit: Harvard Semitic Tsev khaws puav pheej, Harvard University – Cambridge (CC0 1.0)

Nimrud tau raug xaiv los ua vaj ntxwv lub rooj zaum ntawm txoj cai los ntawm Assyrian King Ashurnasirpal II (883-859 BC). Lub interiors ntawm nws palaces tau adorned nrog gypsum slabs uas dhuav carved dluab ntawm nws.

Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua yim thiab xya xyoo BC, Assyrian vajntxwv tau nthuav lawv thaj av kom suav nrog tag nrho cov av ntawm Persian Gulf thiab ciam teb Egyptian. Txawm li cas los xij, archaeologists kuj tau tshawb pom cov pov thawj tias lub nroog muaj kev ntseeg siab ntawm tus kheej. Nws cov neeg tau tawm tsam thiab yeej tag nrho 140 xyoo kev ywj pheej ua ntej cov Assyrians rov qab los tswj hwm thaj av.

Cov hauj lwm no qhia tau hais tias ib tug bearded sphinx nrog ib tug txiv neej txiv neej lub taub hau thiab lub cev ntawm ib tug tsov ntxhuav tis. Pom nyob rau hauv plaub feem nws kuj tau tsim rau Vaj Ntxwv Ba'auri thiab muaj yuav luag tib yam inscription raws li lub depiction ntawm nees. © Duab credit: Courtesy Cinzia Pappi.

Ib daim duab kos duab piav qhia txog ib tug tsis muaj hwj txwv sphinx nrog lub taub hau ntawm tib neeg thiab lub cev ntawm tus tsov ntxhuav tis yog ntawm cov khoom muaj nqis uas tsis pom. Cov ntawv sau hauv qab no tuaj yeem pom dai saum nws: "Palace ntawm Ba'auri, huab tais ntawm thaj av ntawm Idu, tus tub ntawm Edima, kuj yog huab tais ntawm lub teb chaws ntawm Idu."

Ntxiv rau qhov ntawd, lawv tau pom lub tog raj kheej foob uas muaj hnub nyoog rov qab kwv yees li 2,600 xyoo thiab pom ib tug txiv neej txhos caug ua ntej griffon.

Lub tog raj kheej foob no rov qab nyob ib ncig ntawm 2,600 xyoo, mus rau ib lub sijhawm tom qab cov Assyrians tau rov kov yeej Idu. Lub foob, uas yog Ameslikas los ntawm lub palace, yuav qhia ib tug mythical scene yog tias nws tau dov rau ntawm ib daim av nplaum (reconstructed ntawm no nyob rau hauv daim duab no). Nws depicts ib tug crouched bowman, uas tej zaum yuav yog tus vaj tswv Ninurta, ntsib ib tug griffon. Lub lunar crescent ( sawv cev rau lub hli vajtswv ), lub hnub qub yim-taw taw thaum sawv ntxov ( sawv cev rau tus vajtswv poj niam Ishtar ) thiab ib lub xibtes tau pom tau yooj yim. © Duab credit: Courtesy Cinzia Pappi

Lub nroog ntawm Idu thaum ub, uas tau pom nyob rau hauv Satu Qala, yog lub nroog cosmopolitan uas tau ua txoj kev hla ntawm sab qaum teb thiab sab qab teb Iraq nrog rau ntawm Iraq thiab sab hnub poob Iran nyob rau hauv lub thib ob thiab thawj txhiab xyoo BC.

Qhov kev tshawb pom ntawm cov vaj ntxwv hauv zos, tshwj xeeb, ua rau muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm cov keeb kwm yav dhau los tau xav tias yog hnub nyoog tsaus ntuj hauv keeb kwm ntawm Iraq thaum ub. Raws li cov kws tshawb fawb, cov kev tshawb pom no, thaum muab tag nrho, tau pab txhawb rau cov txheej txheem ntawm redrawing daim ntawv qhia kev nom kev tswv thiab keeb kwm ntawm kev nthuav dav ntawm Assyrian Empire - qhov chaw uas tseem nyob hauv qhov tsis paub.

Lub nroog tau faus nyob rau hauv ib tug mound hu ua ib tug qhia, uas yog tam sim no qhov chaw ntawm ib lub zos hu ua Satu Qala. Hmoov tsis zoo, kom txog thaum muaj kev sib haum xeeb ntawm cov neeg nyob hauv cheeb tsam thiab tsoomfwv hauv cheeb tsam Kurdistan, tam sim no tsis muaj peev xwm mus ua haujlwm ntxiv.

Lub caij no, txoj kev tshawb fawb tshiab ntawm lub vev xaib cov ntaub ntawv, uas tam sim no nyob hauv Erbil Tsev khaws puav pheej, tau ua tiav hauv kev koom tes nrog University of Pennsylvania. Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev kawm "Satu Qala: Daim Ntawv Qhia Ua Ntej ntawm Lub Caij 2010-2011" tau luam tawm nyob rau hauv phau ntawv Journal Anatolica.

Thaum kawg, ob lo lus nug tseem ceeb uas tseem tsis tau paub txog niaj hnub no yog: Ua li cas lub nroog qub qub no tau ua puas tsuaj sai sai, ua rau hauv qab lub mound? Thiab yog vim li cas cov neeg nyob hauv txawm tso lub nroog no?

EDITOR PICK