Toumaï yog lub npe muab rau thawj tus neeg sawv cev ntawm cov pob txha sahelanthropus tchadensis hom tsiaj, uas tau ua tiav cov pob txha taub hau tau pom hauv Chad, Central Africa, xyoo 2001. Hnub tim 7 lab xyoo dhau los, Toumaï ntseeg tias yog hominid qub tshaj plaws uas paub txog niaj hnub no.
Discovery Ntawm Toumaï
Xyoo 2001, cov kws tshawb fawb tau tshawb pom qhov zoo tshaj plaws nyob rau sab qaum teb Chad cov toj roob hauv pes: sau cov pob txha thiab cov pob txha tawg zaum ntawm ib sab feem ntau ua tiav pob txha taub hau. Cov kws tshawb fawb npe hu ua pob txha taub hau "Toumaï," uas txhais tau tias "kev cia siab ntawm lub neej" hauv cov lus ntawm Toubous, lossis Goranes, cov neeg nyob hauv tebchaws Chad.
Lub ntsej muag lub ntsej muag yog qhov sib xyaw ntawm qub thiab tshiab, lub paj hlwb me me tab sis nrog cov hniav me me-lawv ib txwm me dua hauv hominins ntau dua hauv chimps, peb cov txheeb ze nyob ze tshaj plaws.
Nws yog cov fossil lub hnub nyoog uas yog qhov xav tsis thoob ntau, txawm li cas los xij. Toumaï nyob nruab nrab ntawm 6 lab thiab 7 lab xyoo. Thaum lub sijhawm, paleoanthropologists ntseeg tias cov poj koob yawm txwv zaum kawg uas peb koom nrog chimps yog tsawg kawg ib lab xyoo yau dua. Toumaï qhia tias kev sib cais hauv peb cov caj ces tau tshwm sim ntau dua li qhov xav.
Hnub tim 7 lab xyoo dhau los, Toumaï ntseeg tias yog hominid qub tshaj plaws uas paub txog niaj hnub no. Nws yuav tsis ntev ua ntej qhov sib txawv ntawm chimpanzees thiab tib neeg kab. Nws tau hais tias yog txiv neej hnyav 35kg thiab ntsuas ib puag ncig ib meter, leej twg yuav nyob hauv hav zoov ze ntawm qhov chaw dej, raws li qhia los ntawm cov pob txha ntawm cov ntses, khej thiab liab pom nyob ze nws.
Hominid Vs Hominin
Hmoob - pab pawg uas suav nrog txhua yam niaj hnub no thiab ploj mus Great Apes (uas yog tib neeg niaj hnub no, chimpanzees, gorillas thiab orang-utans ntxiv rau tag nrho lawv cov poj koob yawm txwv tam sim no).
Hominin cov- pab pawg uas suav nrog tib neeg niaj hnub no, cov tib neeg uas tau ploj mus thiab tag nrho peb cov poj koob yawm txwv tam sim no (suav nrog cov tswv cuab ntawm Homo, Australopithecus, Paranthropus thiab Ardipithecus).
Toumaï Thiab "East Side Story" Theory
Kev tshawb pom Toumaï hauv Djurab suab puam hauv Chad, ze li 2,500 km sab hnub poob ntawm Great East African Rift Valley, uas yog lub npe menyuam yaus "Cradle of Humankind", ua rau tsis ntseeg ntawm "Sab Hnub Nyoog Dab Neeg" txoj kev xav. Tshaj tawm los ntawm tus kws tshawb fawb paleoanthropologist Yves Coppens, qhov kev xav no hais tias cov poj koob yawm txwv ntawm homo sapiens yuav tau tshwm sim nyob rau sab hnub tuaj teb chaws Africa tom qab muaj kev kub ntxhov ntawm huab cua thiab huab cua.
Cov kws tshawb nrhiav pom Toumaï tuaj yeem yog Bipedal Primate!
Rau qee tus kws tshawb fawb keeb kwm yav dhau los, Toumaï tseem yuav yog tus tswv ntuj bipedal thiab yuav yog thawj tus poj koob yawm txwv ntawm tib neeg txoj kab. Bipedal primate txhais tau tias Toumaï yuav tau taug kev ntawm ob txhais ceg. Txawm li cas los xij, vim tias tsis muaj cov pob txha lossis cov pob txha tawg hauv qab pob txha taub hau (tom qab tseem tshuav) tau pom, nws tsis paub meej meej tias Toumaï puas yog bipedal tiag, txawm hais tias thov rau lub hauv ntej tso foramen magnum qhia tias qhov no yuav yog qhov tseeb thiab Toumaï yog qhov tseeb ib ntawm peb.
Lub foramen magnum yog qhov qhib ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm pob txha taub hau qhov twg txha caj qaum tawm. Lub kaum sab xis ntawm qhov qhib tuaj yeem nthuav tawm yog tias tus nqaj qaum nthuav tawm tom qab pob txha taub hau, zoo li nws ua rau plaub ceg ntoo, lossis poob qis, zoo li nws ua rau bipedal hominins. Rau lwm tus kws tshaj lij, ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, nws tsuas yog tus hmuv thiab tsis yog hominin txhua. Tab sis, nws puas yog ??
