{"id":21449,"date":"2023-08-26T17:44:15","date_gmt":"2023-08-26T22:44:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mru.ink\/?p=21449"},"modified":"2023-08-26T17:44:15","modified_gmt":"2023-08-26T22:44:15","slug":"advanced-civilization-in-egypt","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mru.ink\/advanced-civilization-in-egypt\/","title":{"rendered":"Evidence of an advanced civilization in Egypt before the pharaohs?","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

The world is rich of intriguing places that boast so many ancient mysteries, and no wonder Egypt’s Giza Plateau stands out among them. Whoever has even a little interest in history and civilization is aware of this fact. This is because on this plateau, the Great Pyramids and their sculpted guardian, the Great Sphinx<\/a>, stand\u2015but stand for how long time??<\/p>\n

The Great Pyramids of Giza<\/h4>\n
\"Ancient
3D rendering of monument architecture of the heritage of ancient Egypt. The famous sphinx in front with pyramids behind and palm trees in the dessert. \u00a9 Image Credit: Fred Mantel<\/a> | Licensed from Dreamstime.com (Editorial\/Commercial Use Stock Photo)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Although there are numerous theories, there’s a long controversy over who built the Giza Pyramids<\/a> or carved the Sphinx, or when they were built. Any assertion about who built them or when they were built is purely speculative, atleast according to a number of independent researchers and alternative theorists.<\/p>\n

In light of all the various theories surrounding these mysterious structures, It doesn’t seem the conventional (theoretical) nature of the pyramid builders can be strengthened enough. The internal design of the Great Pyramid; three chambers, one of which is subterranean, and their connecting passageways, stands out more than anything else at Giza.<\/p>\n

The passageway that leads to the so-called King\u2019s Chamber rises to a height of thirty-six feet! On the other hand, all other passageways were not built tall enough to accommodate the average man or woman.<\/p>\n

\"A
A long passage in the pyramid of Giza, Cairo, Egypt. \u00a9 Image Credit: Dmitrii Melnikov | Licensed from DreamsTime.com<\/a> (Editorial Use Stock Photo, ID:221813066)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

There is also the unique configuration of the King\u2019s Chamber as well as the Queen’s Chamber. Both of these contain two shafts, one on each side of the chamber. The Queen’s Chamber contains a corbelled niche built into its east wall, and the King’s Chamber’s ceiling is composed of five granite slabs stacked one atop the other. Why these chambers were constructed in this manner is still unknown even to the main stream researchers.<\/p>\n

The official theory is that the pyramids were tombs and that King Khufu kept changing his mind about where his burial chamber was to be placed; thus, the reason for three chambers in the Great Pyramid. However, in comparison to typical Egyptian burial methods (the mastaba and the tombs in the Valley of the Kings), the Giza pyramids, and particularly the Great Pyramid, do not fair well within the Egyptian concept of a tomb.<\/p>\n

The ancient Egyptian view of the afterlife<\/h4>\n
\"advanced
Anubis attending the mummy of the deceased. \u00a9 Image Credit: MRU<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

The Egyptians believed in an afterlife, and the tomb was an important part of that belief. As the tomb of King Tutankhamun testifies, the deceased\u2019s chamber of internment was to be decorated with art and filled with that person’s possessions.<\/p>\n

Why they practiced this ritual was not for superstitious reasons, as one might suspect, but for a spiritual connection. It was practical, according to their beliefs, and aimed at preventing that person’s energy (spirit) from being re-absorbed into Nature’s spiritual force.<\/p>\n

For the ancient Egyptians, Ba animated a living person, whereas Ka was the energy emanating from that person. Although not an exact analogy, the Ka and the Ba are what traditional Western thought might refer as spirit and soul. Another important aspect of Egyptian belief represented immortality, the ankh, depicted as the crested ibis.<\/p>\n

\"\"
The ka statue, here that of pharaoh Hor, provided a physical place for the ka to manifest. \u00a9 Image Credit: Wikimedia Commons<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

The Ka, represented in art by up-stretched arms, was believed to be the part of man\u2019s consciousness and energy (man’s spirit or inner quality) that related to the immediate world. It is the part of us connected to the physical body; where it lived, its possessions, as well as the people he or she was acquainted with.<\/p>\n

The Ka can be likened to one’s personality, which upon death is separated from the body, and naturally seeks a way to once again take form. The Ba, represented by a winged human head, or sometimes a human-faced bird, represented the part of consciousness that is immortal.<\/p>\n

When someone passed away, it was their goal as well as the hope of the family, that the deceased\u2019s Ka would seek a way to remain united with their Ba. To help accomplish this eternal union, the possessions of the deceased were gathered together by the family and placed in the tomb with the mummified body.<\/p>\n

Mummification prevented the body from decomposing and returning to the soil of the Earth, whereas the tomb, with the deceased\u2019s possessions, served as a ‘home’ for the Ka. As a result, the Ka maintained its identity in the spiritual world and could seek out its Ba in order to achieve ankh, which resulted in the resurrected and glorified form of the deceased beyond the limits of an earthly realm.<\/p>\n

Pyramids and the concept of the Egyptian tomb<\/h4>\n

Like the pharaonic tombs carved into the Valley of the Kings, royal mastabas built during the early dynasties \u2013 some as early as 3000 BCE \u2013 were also designed with ‘home’ in mind, as that home relates to a person’s Ka.<\/p>\n

Case in point: from the sixth dynasty, Mereruka\u2019s mastaba was crafted in mansion-like proportion with thirty-two rooms adorned with statues and art depicting, for example, scenes of wildlife along the Nile River.<\/p>\n

The traits of Egyptian domestic life, so beautifully incorporated into the design of their tombs, are not found in the Giza pyramids. The Giza pyramids contain no art or hieroglyphics of any kind, very uncharacteristic of Egyptian tombs.<\/p>\n

So why is it the case that the Giza pyramids are generally considered to be tombs of fourth dynasty Pharaohs? The reason is because of an association of the Giza complex with another development ten miles south at Sakkara where the Egyptians really did build tombs as pyramids.<\/p>\n

At Sakkara in 1881, the French Egyptologist, Gaston Maspero (1846\u20131916) discovered that the subterranean chamber of the Pepi I Pyramid (second ruler of the sixth dynasty) was engraved with hieroglyphics.<\/p>\n

Over the course of subsequent explorations, it was discovered that a total of five pyramids at Sakkara also contained inscriptions, from the fifth, sixth, seventh, and eighth dynasties of the Old Kingdom.<\/p>\n

In 1952, Dr. Samuel A.B. Mercer (1879\u20131969), Professor of Semitic Languages and Egyptology at the University of Toronto, published a complete English translation of \u201cThe Pyramid Texts\u201d<\/em> in a volume of the same name.<\/p>\n

According to Mercer, The Pyramid Texts contained ‘words to be spoken’ concerning funerary ritual, magical formulae, and religious hymns, as well as prayers and petitions on behalf of the deceased king.<\/p>\n

With the pyramids at Sakkara being confirmed as tombs the associative logic came to be that all pyramids must be tombs. Furthermore, since there are two cemeteries (mastaba fields) to the east and west of the northernmost Giza pyramid, assuming that all pyramids are tombs was a likely conclusion supported by historians. However, the condition of the Sakkara pyramids \u2015 most of which are believed constructed after the Giza pyramids, poses serious problems in this logical association.<\/p>\n

At Sakkara, only Djoser’s ‘Step Pyramid,’<\/em> which is not a true pyramid, is in decent shape (The Step Pyramid began as a mastaba and was later transformed into a pyramid.) All of Sakkara’s other pyramids, the majority of which date from the fifth and sixth dynasties, are now in ruins and resemble rubble mounds.<\/p>\n

\"The
The step pyramid of the ancient Egyptian king Djoser. \u00a9 Image Credit: Walter Stiedenroth | Licensed from DreamsTime.com<\/a> (Editorial Use Stock Photo, ID:216602360)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

According to a consensus of Egyptologists, Djoser\u2019s Step Pyramid at Sakkara was constructed during the third dynasty and was the forerunner to the fourth dynasty pyramids on the Giza Plateau. After pyramid development at Giza, for whatever reason, the focus of pyramid building shifted back to Sakkara.<\/p>\n

The Great Pyramid: A device?<\/h4>\n
\"\"
Great Pyramids Of Giza \u00a9 Image Credit: Pixabay<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

The easily observable and obvious differences in the Giza pyramids and the Sakkara pyramids, which were all supposed to have been built during the same era, are a problem. Clearly, the construction techniques, as well as materials, for the Giza pyramids were different than those at Sakkara, or else we would expect pyramids at both sites to have stood the test of time in a similar manner. They did not.<\/p>\n

The important point is: Did the engineers and construction workers of the Old Kingdom pass along their methods from the fourth to the fifth dynasty? It seems they did not, which is a very curious occurrence given the stability of Egyptian civilization. It may also be the case that the fourth dynasty Egyptians did not build the Giza pyramids.<\/p>\n

No other pyramid in Egypt (the world for that matter) is like the Giza pyramids, and in particular the Great Pyramid. Additionally, there is no direct evidence to support the claim made by main stream historians that the Great Pyramid, or the other Giza pyramids were tombs. Nor is there any record left by its builders<\/a>\u00a0as to what it was for or when it was built.<\/p>\n

This creates a problem of explanation. If the Great Pyramid was not a tomb, then what was it? A mystical temple for initiation ritual or a public works project designed to unify the country? Or, was it something else entirely?<\/p>\n

Theories are abundant, but the only incredible theory we are aware of that covers all aspects of the Great Pyramid’s interior design, is Christopher Dunn\u2019s theory that it was a mega-device rather than a tomb made of stone blocks. According to Dunn, the Great Pyramid was a machine for producing power by converting tectonic vibration into electricity.<\/p>\n

\"\"
Illustration of Egyptian pyramids at night shooting light or electric rays from the tips against a star-filled sky. \u00a9 Image Credit: Tose | Licensed from Dreamstime.com (Editorial\/Commercial Use Stock Photo)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

There are a number of reasons to accept Dunn’s analysis. First, he explains the interior design and all other evidence within the Great Pyramid in a cohesive manner.<\/p>\n

Second, he demonstrates the technical skills required to accomplish precision construction. Third, Dunn\u2019s expertise and career are in the precision fabrication and manufacturing industry, which makes him uniquely qualified to express a professional opinion on the techniques and tools of the Giza pyramid builders.<\/p>\n

The fact is, modern construction companies could not build the Great Pyramid today without first inventing specialized tools and techniques in order to deal with blocks of stone that vary in weight from ten to fifty tons. Such an endeavor would be on a magnitude equivalent to building a hydroelectric dam or a nuclear power station requiring tens of billions of dollars in resources.<\/p>\n

Although our modern economy is different than that of the ancient world, the resource required now as compared to then is the same! The stone must be quarried and moved and the workers must be paid.<\/p>\n

The fact that an extremely large amount of resources were dedicated to Giza pyramid development over a long period of time. On the other hand, main stream researchers have proposed that the Pyramids of Giza were built within 24 years, while, in reality, its architecture, massiveness and preciseness prove that it’s impossible to complete such a huge construction within this short period of time. This is why there’s an opinion, that pyramid building was utilitarian, and not for any fourth dynasty pharaonic vanity of having the largest headstone in the world.<\/p>\n

Prehistory \u2013 evidence and perspective<\/h4>\n

There are many independent researchers who point to the evidence that clearly tells a very different story of early dynastic Egypt. Sometime around 3000 BCE, the establishment and growth of permanent settlements in the Lower Nile Valley led to the development of civilization. Then why Giza and the surrounding area were chosen as the focal point for early Dynastic Egypt? It was because ‘civilization’ had been already there before, as the age of the three pyramids and the Great Sphinx ages testifies.<\/a> Without knowing what the pyramids were designed for, the early Egyptians also assumed they must have been tombs.<\/p>\n

As a result, they rejuvenated the Giza Plateau and turned it into a Necropolis, then expanded to Sakkara where they built tombs in pyramid form, albeit of lesser quality and not brandishing the skills the original builders of the Giza pyramids demonstrated. Pyramid building, even the smaller ones at Sakkara, was resource intense, so the Egyptians reverted to burying their nobility in the traditional mastaba.<\/p>\n

This scenario, which calls for an earlier civilization with advanced technical skills, poses another problem. It does not fit the acceptable model of history. However, the notion that an earlier civilization existed does not rest on the Giza pyramids alone. There is also the Sphinx, which in 1991 was geologically dated to between 7,000 and 9,000 years old<\/a> by the team of John Anthony West and geologist Dr. Robert Schoch.<\/p>\n

In addition to that, the megaliths of Nabta Playa in southwestern Egypt, which is believed to have been a star viewing diagram, according to astrophysicist Dr. Thomas Brophy, that relates not only the distance from Earth to the belt stars of Orion, but their radial velocities as well. Another ‘head scratching’ discovery is the 1260-ton foundation stones of the Baalbek temple, west of Beirut in Lebanon, one of which was left in its quarry.<\/p>\n

\"The
The enormous foundation stone at Baalbek, Lebanon, whose origin remains a mystery. Heliopolis temple complex. \u00a9 Image Credit: Pavlo Baishev | Licensed from DreamsTime.com<\/a> (Editorial\/Commercial Use Stock Photo, ID:107214851)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Clearly history has its own secrets, but there is enough evidence to validate, as theory, that civilization is much older than we have previously believed. History, according to the ancient Egyptians themselves, confirms this. According to the Papyrus of Turin, which is a complete list of kings up to the New Kingdom, before Menes (before 3000 BCE) the: \u201c\u2026venerables Shemsu-Hor, [reigned] 13,420 years Reigns up to Shemsu-Hor, 23,200 years \u201d<\/em><\/p>\n

These two lines in the king\u2019s list are explicit. According to their documents, the total years of Egyptian history goes back 36,620 years. The argument that the years in the king’s list do not represent actual years, but some other, shorter, measurement of time seems more of an attempt to explain away than to explain.<\/p>\n

The ancient Egyptians employed a sophisticated calendar system that involved a 365-day year, which was periodically corrected through the predictable and cyclical nature of the star Sirius. Every 1,461 years, the heliacal rising of Sirius marked the beginning of the new year. A single Sirius cycle corresponds to 1,461 years, where each year is equivalent to 365.25 days.<\/p>\n

In essence, the marking of the New Year at the heliacal rising of Sirius was the ancient Egyptian\u2019s ‘leap year.’ Of course, determining the length of Sirius\u2019 cyclical nature requires stellar observation over thousands of years which means the origins of pharaonic Egypt, or its source of knowledge, must originate in the remote past. Is this the fact from which today’s historians prefer to keep their distance?<\/p>\n

Late twentieth-century Egyptologist Walter Emery seems to have agreed in principle that the origins of ancient Egypt date well into prehistory. Emery believed that ancient Egypt\u2019s written language was beyond the use of pictorial symbols, even during the earliest dynasties, and that signs were also used to represent sounds, along with a numerical system.<\/p>\n

When hieroglyphics had been stylized and used in architecture, a cursive script was already in common use. His conclusion was that: \u201cAll this shows that the written language must have had a considerable period of development behind it, of which no trace has as yet been found in Egypt.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n

Ancient Egyptian religion also testifies to a considerable period of development. Their religion, which is more of a philosophy of nature and life than it is a ‘religion,’ is based on a level of sophistication that, in all respects, appears more scientific than it does mythical.<\/p>\n

Symbolism and nature: The method of Egyptian thought<\/h4>\n

From a modern Western perspective, their religion has been billed as primitive and polytheistic and appears as a mythological menagerie of gods. Nothing could be further from the truth. The source of this misunderstanding stems from the Egyptian word ‘neter’ being translated into Greek as ‘god,’ which later took on the Westernized meaning of deity.<\/p>\n

The true meaning of ‘neter’ was to describe an aspect of a deity, not a deity to be worshipped. In essence, neters referred to principles of nature in a practical scientific way. Yet, the meaning of a specific neter was communicated in a visually symbolic manner. When a human was depicted with an animal head, this signified the principle as it occurs in man.<\/p>\n

If the whole animal was depicted it was a reference to a principle in general. Alternatively, a human head depicted on an animal represented that principle as it relates to the divine essence within mankind, not any person in particular, but the archetypal; as the immortal Ba is represented by a human-faced bird.<\/p>\n

Another example is Anubis (the jackal), who presided over the process of mummification. He did so as a representation of the decomposition or fermentation process. In nature, the jackal keeps its prey and allows it to decompose before consumption.<\/p>\n

Therefore, he who presided over the mummification ritual was depicted in art as a man with the head of the jackal, thereby representing man\u2019s death as the digestive principle found in nature. From a universal perspective, the decomposition of a body is, to Nature, digestion.<\/p>\n

Hence, those organs associated with digestion, after being removed from the deceased, were placed in a Canopic jar with a lid shaped in the image of the jackal\u2019s head. This is the truth behind Egyptian mummification that our history books never told us.<\/p>\n

Advanced civilization before the Pharaohs of ancient Egypt<\/h4>\n

The sudden emergence of Dynastic Egypt, at the beginning of the third millennium BCE, is one of civilization\u2019s greatest mysteries. How did this supposedly primitive North African culture organize itself into a civilization of such magnificence? One aspect that could be overlooked is that mankind, anatomically modern humans has been around for a very long time.<\/p>\n

According to recent genetic studies, all people today are the descendants of a single African woman who walked the Earth 150,000 years ago<\/a>. According to geneticists, her mitochondrial DNA exists in all of us.<\/p>\n

This is a long time, 147,000 years, for our ancestors to have remained in a relatively primitive state. Supporting the alternative theory, the evidence, some of which is incredibly anomalous (in particular the Great Pyramid) suggests they did not remain primitive.<\/p>\n

Given the evidence of ancient Egypt’s technical abilities (their monument, temples, and other crafted artifacts still exist), as well as their sophisticated symbolism in describing Nature, it appears that in establishing a dynastic society, the Egyptians of the third millennium BCE benefited from a legacy of knowledge.<\/p>\n

Skeptics of this approach to history, of course, would want to know where the evidence of this technical and prehistoric civilization is. If such a civilization existed, surely there would be overwhelming evidence to support its existence. If an exclusively uniformitarian approach to geologic formation were generally accepted as fact, anyone would agree with the skeptic.<\/p>\n

However, mass extinctions, as a result of environmental catastrophism because of volcanism, asteroid or comet impact, or stellar (gamma) radiation, now seems to be a reality.<\/p>\n

According to geologists, there have been five large mass extinctions in Earth’s history: the Ordovician (440\u2013450 mya), Devonian (408\u2013360 mya), Permian (286\u2013248), Triassic (251\u2013252 mya), and Cretaceous (144\u201365 mya). Although all of these cataclysms occurred well before the modern human form, there are two global disasters that occurred relatively recently.<\/p>\n

Approximately 71,000 years ago, Mount Toba, in Sumatra, erupted spewing an enormous amount of ash into the atmosphere. It was the largest volcanic eruption in the last two million years, nearly 10,000 times larger than the Mount St. Helen’s explosion in 1980.<\/p>\n

\"Mt.
Mt. St. Helen’s crater lava dome covered in snow with a dry base. Mount St. Helens is best known for its major eruption on May 18, 1980, the deadliest and most economically destructive volcanic event in U.S. history. Fifty-seven people were killed; 200 homes, 47 bridges, 15 miles of railways, and 185 miles of highway were destroyed. A massive debris avalanche, triggered by a magnitude 5.1 earthquake, caused a lateral eruption that reduced the elevation of the mountain’s summit from 9,677 ft to 8,363 ft, leaving a 1 mile wide, horseshoe-shaped crater. \u00a9 Image Credit: Classicstyle | Licensed from DreamsTime.com<\/a> (Editorial\/Commercial Use Stock Photo, ID:108676679)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

The resultant caldera formed a lake 62 miles long by 37 miles wide, with devastating and lasting climatic consequences. A six-year-long volcanic winter followed and in its wake an ice age that lasted for a thousand years. With its sulfuric haze, the volcanic winter lowered global temperatures, creating drought and famine decimating the human population.<\/p>\n

According to geneticist\u2019s estimates, the population was reduced to somewhere between 15,000 and 40,000 individuals. Professor of Human Genetics at the University of Utah, Lynn Jorde, believes it may have been as low as 5,000.<\/p>\n

Even closer to our time is the mysterious cataclysm at the end of the Ice Age, only 10,000 years ago. No one really knows if it was the result of a natural phenomenon or an asteroid impact. What is known is that the climate drastically altered life for those who lived at that time.<\/p>\n

It is a known geologic fact that at the end of the Ice Age many North American species became extinct, including the mammoth, camel, horse, ground sloth, peccaries (pig-like hoofed mammals), antelope, American elephant, rhinoceros, giant armadillo, tapirs, saber-toothed tigers, and giant bison.<\/p>\n

It also affected the climates of lower latitudes in Central and South America, as well as Europe in a similar way. Those lands have also revealed evidence of mass extinction. Yet, the mechanism that brought on this Ice Age ending cataclysm remains a mystery.<\/p>\n

If a technically advanced ancient civilization existed in the distant past, what would be the likelihood of that civilization surviving a global catastrophe intact? Estimates from the Toba eruption are not encouraging. Neither are the scenarios that astronomers and climatologists build today for a theoretical asteroid impact.<\/p>\n

According to the archeological evidence, anatomically modern man (Cro-Magnon) appeared in Western Europe 40,000 years ago. Where they came from has been a long-standing mystery.<\/a> The logical deduction is that they migrated from Africa. However, such a migration requires a host culture, of which there is no evidence.<\/p>\n

Nevertheless, a likely location for this host culture would have been along the shores of the Mediterranean Sea, which were likely a series of freshwater lakes during the remote past. If ancient civilization existed in the region of the Mediterranean, it would not have survived the conflagration that turned those lakes into a salt-water sea.<\/p>\n

If that were indeed the case, the remnants of those who lived on the perimeter of that civilization would appear to us, today, as anomalies such as the Giza pyramids and the giant stones of Baalbek. Cro-Magnon cultures of Western Europe, although once a part of a great Mediterranean civilization, would also appear as an anomaly. For us, it would be as if they appeared from nowhere.<\/p>\n

\n

The information has been collected from: New Dawn Magazine<\/a> (Jul-Aug 2006 Edition), where author Edward F. Malkowski shares his incredible thought in an intriguing way.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

No one can confirm who really built the Giza Pyramids or carved the Sphinx, or exactly when they were constructed. Any statement as to who built them, or when they were created, is pure theory.<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":30593,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[9,8],"tags":[88,152,244,114,151],"blocksy_meta":[],"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"link","format":"url"}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/mru.ink\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21449"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/mru.ink\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/mru.ink\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mru.ink\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mru.ink\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=21449"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/mru.ink\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21449\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mru.ink\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/30593"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/mru.ink\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=21449"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mru.ink\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=21449"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mru.ink\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=21449"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}