Sannado badan, Venus Of Willendorf figurine waxay soo jiidatay saynisyahannada. Taalladan oo la sameeyay qiyaastii 30,000 oo sano ka hor waa mid ka mid ah tusaalooyinka ugu da'da weyn ee farshaxanka tilmaamaya aadanaha waxaana loo nisbeeyay xilligii Upper Paleolithic, oo ay sameeyeen dad reer guuraa ah oo ugaadhsadayaasha ah.
1908dii, intii lagu guda jiray qodista meel u dhow tuulada Willendorf ee Lower Austria, 11.1-sentimeter-dherer (4.4 in) figurine loo yaqaan 'Venus of Willendorf' ayaa la helay. Matalaadda haweenka cayilan ama uurka leh, kuwaas oo ku jira buugaag badan oo taariikhda farshaxanka ah, ayaa muddo dheer loo fasiray inay yihiin calaamadaha bacriminta ama quruxda.
Jaamacadda Colorado School of Medicine, Richard Johnson, MD wuxuu sheegay 2020 inuu helay xog ku filan oo gacan ka geysanaysa soo saarista hal-abuurka ku xeeran Venus of Willendorf figurine. Sida uu qabo Johnson, furaha fahamka qawaaniinta ayaa ku jira isbeddelka cimilada iyo cuntada.
"Qaar ka mid ah farshaxanka ugu horreeya adduunka ayaa ah sawiradan qarsoodiga ah ee haweenka aadka u culus laga soo bilaabo wakhtiga ugaadhsadayaasha ee Ice Age Europe halkaas oo aadan filaneynin inaad aragto buurnaanta gabi ahaanba," ayuu yiri Johnson. "Waxaan tusineynaa in sawiradani ay la xiriiraan waqtiyada walaaca nafaqada ee aadka u daran."
Koox cilmi baaris ah, oo uu madax u yahay cilmi-nafsiga Gerhard Weber oo ka socda Jaamacadda Vienna, oo ka kooban cilmi-yaqaannada Alexander Lukeneder iyo Mathias Harzhauser, iyo taariikhyahan hore Walpurga Antl-Weiser oo ka socda Matxafka Taariikhda Dabiiciga ah ee Vienna, ayaa isticmaalay sawirro sawir-qaadis heer sare ah si ay u ogaadaan walxaha oo Venus la xardhay waxay u badan tahay inuu ka yimid waqooyiga Talyaaniga. Helitaankan cajiibka ah ayaa iftiiminaya dhaqdhaqaaqa bini'aadmigii hore ee casriga ahaa ee u dhexeeya qaybaha woqooyi iyo koonfurta ee Alps.
Sawirka Venus, oo jira 30,000 oo sano, waxaa laga sameeyay oolite, oo ah nooc dhagax ah oo aan laga helin agagaarka Willendorf. Venus von Willendorf waa mid gaar ah kaliya maaha marka la eego naqshadeeda laakiin sidoo kale walxaha loo isticmaalo abuurista. Tirooyinka kale ee Venus ayaa inta badan laga sameeyay fool-maroodi, lafo, ama dhagxaan kala duwan, hase yeeshee Venus-ka hoose ee Australiya ayaa laga sameeyay oolite, taas oo ka dhigaysa mid ka baxsan walxaha cibaadada.
Sannadkii 1908-dii, waxaa Wachau laga helay figurin, waxaana hadda lagu soo bandhigay Matxafka Taariikhda Dabiiciga ah ee Vienna. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, ilaa hadda, dibadda kaliya ayaa laga soo bartay. Cilmi-nafsiga Gerhard Weber oo ka socda Jaamacadda Vienna ayaa hadda adeegsaday hab cusub si uu u baadho gudaha: sawir-gacmeedyo yar-yar. Baadhitaanadu waxay leeyihiin xallin ilaa 11.5 micrometer, kaas oo badanaa lagu arko microscope-ka. Natiijooyinka ugu horreeya ayaa ah "Venus uma eka mid labisan gudaha gudaha. Hanti gaar ah oo loo isticmaali karo si loo go'aamiyo asalkeeda, ayuu yidhi cilmi-nafsiga cilmiga aadanaha.
Alexander Lukeneder iyo Mathias Harzhauser oo ka socda Matxafka Taariikhda Dabiiciga ah ee Vienna, kuwaas oo horay ula soo shaqeeyay oolites, ayaa ku biiray koox si ay u falanqeeyaan oo ay isbarbardhigaan muunado ka yimid Austria iyo Europe. Hawlgal adag, kooxdu waxay ka soo heleen muunado dhagax ah oo laga soo qaaday Faransiiska ilaa bariga Ukraine, laga bilaabo Jarmalka ilaa Sicily, gooyay, oo ay ku lafagureen mikroskoob. Falanqaynta ayaa la sameeyay iyadoo ay sabab u tahay maalgelinta uu bixiyay gobolka Hoose ee Austria.
Guduhu wuxuu kaloo bixiyaa macluumaadka ku saabsan dibadda
Xogta Tomographic ee Venus waxay muujisay in kaydka dhoobada dhagaxyada ay ku kala duwan yihiin cabbirka iyo cufnaanta. Kuwaas waxaa weheliya xabbado yaryar oo qolof ah iyo lix ka weyn, badarka cufan ee loo yaqaan 'limonites' ayaa sidoo kale la helay. Tani waxay sharraxaysaa godadka hemispherical ee cabbirka isku midka ah ee dusha sare ee Venus: "Limonites adag waxay u badan tahay inay dillaaceen markii abuuraha Venus uu xardhay," ayuu yidhi Weber. "Marka laga hadlayo xuddunta Venus, wuxuu markaas ka dhigay mid wanaagsan oo lagama maarmaan ah."
Helitaanka kale: Venus oolite waa dalool sababtoo ah xudunta malaayiin globules (ooides) oo ay ka kooban tahay way milmeen. Tani waxay ka dhigtay qalab la jecel yahay oo loogu talagalay sculptor 30,000 oo sano ka hor, maadaama ay fududahay in la shaqeeyo. qolof yar, oo dhererkiisu yahay 2.5 millimitir, ayaa sidoo kale la helay oo dib ugu soo laabtay xilligii Jurassic. Tani waxay meesha ka saartay suurtagalnimada in dhagaxu uu qayb ka noqdo xilligii juquraafiyeed ee Miocene ee Basin Vienna.
Cilmi-baarayaashu waxay si fiican u baareen cabbirrada hadhuudhka ee muunadaha kale. Waxay adeegsadeen barnaamijyada sawir-samaynta waxayna gacanta ku tiriyeen oo cabbireen kumanyaal miro gaar ah. Midkoodna muunadaha ku dhex jira 200-kilomitir ee dhexroorka Willendorf xataa lama barbar dhigin. Falanqaynta ayaa muujisay in shaybaarada laga helay Venus ay tirokoob ahaan la mid yihiin kuwa waqooyiga Talyaaniga ee u dhow harada Garda. Tani waa wax cajiib ah, oo tilmaamaysa in Venus (ama alaabteeda) ay safarkeeda ka bilowday koonfurta Alps ilaa Danube waqooyiga Alps.
"Dadka ku nool Gravettian - dhaqankii qalabka ee waagaas - waxay raadiyeen oo degeen meelo wanaagsan. Markii jawiga ama xaaladda ugaadhsiga ay isbeddeshay, way dhaqaaqeen, gaar ahaan webiyada agtooda,” ayuu yidhi Gerhard Weber. Safarka noocaas ah wuxuu qaadan lahaa jiilal.
Dhowr sano ka hor, cilmi-baarayaashu waxay ku ekaayeen mid ka mid ah labada waddo ee suurtagalka ah ee koonfurta ilaa woqooyiga, iyaga oo qaadaya waddo ku wareegsan Alps iyo gudaha Pannonian Plain. Jihada kale, si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxay mari lahayd buuraha Alps, inkasta oo aan la hubin haddii tani ay suurtogal tahay in ka badan 30,000 oo sano ka hor sababtoo ah cimilada sii xumaanaysa wakhtigaas. Beddelkaani wuxuu ahaan lahaa wax aan macquul ahayn haddii ay jiri lahaayeen glaciers joogto ah markaa. Marka laga reebo 35 km ee harada Reschen, 730 kiiloomitir safarka dheer ee Etsch, Inn, iyo Danube wuxuu had iyo jeer ka hooseeyaa 1000 m oo ka sarreeya heerka badda.
Macquul ah, laakiin aad uga yar, isku xirka bariga Ukraine
Xogtu waxay tilmaamaysaa in waqooyiga Talyaanigu yahay isha dhagaxa Venus oolite. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxaa jira asal kale oo ka iman kara bariga Ukraine, in ka badan 1,600 kiiloomitir u jirta Willendorf. Tijaabooyinku uma eka sida kuwa Talyaaniga, laakiin way ka fiican yihiin kuwa kale. Waxa intaa dheer, tirooyinka Venus waxay ku yaalliin koonfurta Ruushka oo u dhow, kuwaas oo wax yar ka yar laakiin u muuqda kuwo la mid ah Venus oo laga helay Austria. Intaa waxaa dheer, natiijooyinka hidde-sidaha ayaa muujinaya in dadka ku nool Bartamaha iyo Bariga Yurub ay ku xirnaayeen midba midka kale muddadaas.
Sheekada xiisaha leh ee Venus Australiya Hoose waa la sii wadi karaa. Waqtigan xaadirka ah, kaliya tiro yar oo daraasado saynis ah ayaa baadhay jiritaanka bini'aadamka taariikhda hore ee gobolka Alpine iyo dhaqdhaqaaqooda. Tusaale ahaan "Ötzi" caanka ah, waxay dib ugu noqotaa 5,300 oo sano ka hor. Iyada oo la kaashanayo natiijooyinka Venus iyo shabakadda cilmi-baarista cusub ee ku salaysan Vienna Evolution Human and Archaeological Sciences, iyada oo lala kaashanayo cilmiga anthropology, qadiimiga, iyo qaybaha kale, Weber wuxuu damacsan yahay inuu iftiimiyo iftiin badan oo ku saabsan taariikhda hore ee gobolka Alpine.
Daraasada ayaa markii hore lagu daabacay joornaalka Warbixinno cilmi ah bishii Febraayo 28, 2022.
Ka dib markaad wax ka akhrido Venus of Willendorf, wax ka akhri Sawirada Vinča ee dahsoon ee 5,000-sano jirku dhab ahaantii ma noqon karaan caddayn saameyn ka baxsan?
