Kodi anthu ankasuntha bwanji midadada yolemera matani pomanga mapiramidi? Mafunso amenewa ndi ena atichititsa kukayikira zoti kuli zimphona ku Egypt. Koma kodi pali umboni wotsimikizirika wotsimikizira zonena zodabwitsazi?
Mbiri yatitsogolera mobwerezabwereza kuti olamulira a Kemet wakale (dzina lakale la Egypt, lomwe limatanthauza "dziko lakuda"). sanali anthu wamba. Ena amati ndi zigaza zazitali, ena amawafotokoza ngati anthu auzimu, ndipo ena amati ndi zimphona zaku Egypt wakale. Ndipo kuchirikiza chiphunzitsochi ndi imodzi mwa nthano zomwe zimafotokoza momwe Mapiramidi a Giza adamangidwa ndi mtundu wa zimphona.
Chiphunzitsochi chinagawidwa pa phunziro lotchedwa "Atlantis ndi Milungu Yakale" ndi wamatsenga ndi Freemason, Manly P. Hall.
"Tikuuzidwa kuti m'chaka cha 820 AD ... kale m'masiku a ulemerero wa Baghdad, Sultan wamkulu, wotsatira ndi mbadwa ya El-Rashid wamkulu wa Arabian Nights, Sultan El-Rashid Al-Ma'mun. , adaganiza zotsegula Piramidi Yaikulu. Anauzidwa kuti linamangidwa ndi zimphona, zomwe zinkatchedwa Sheddai, zolengedwa zamphamvu zoposa zaumunthu, ndi kuti mkati mwa piramidi imeneyo ndi mapiramidi amenewo, iwo anasunga chuma chamtengo wapatali chimene munthu sangachidziŵe.”
Ngakhale ndizowona kuti m'chaka cha 832 AD, Al-Ma'mun anapita ku Egypt ndipo anali woyamba kufufuza Piramidi Yaikulu panthawi yomwe inali idakali ndi miyala yamchere yoyera, komabe, Sheddai ndi ndani ndi chinsinsi kuti ikupitirira mpaka lero.
Malinga ndi ena, zitha kutanthauza dzina lina la Shemsu Hor, kapena 'Otsatira a Horus'. Pamene ena amati, zikhoza kutanthauza Shaddād bin 'Ad (Mfumu ya Ad), yemwe ankakhulupirira kuti anali mfumu ya Arabia yotayika mzinda wa Iram wa mizati, nkhani yake yatchulidwa mu Sura 89 ya Qur'an. . Nthawi zina amatchedwa chimphona.
Zomangamanga zazikulu ku Egypt ndi ubale wawo ndi zimphona
The Akhbār al-zaman, lomwe limadziwikanso kuti The Book of Wonders (ca.900 - 1100 AD), ndi buku lachiarabu lachiarabu la miyambo yakale ku Egypt ndi dziko la prediluvian. Ikunena kuti anthu a Adi adali zimphona, choncho Shaddad akhoza kukhala m'modzi mwa iwo. Akuti iye “anamanga zipilala za Dahsuri ndi miyala yosema m’nthawi ya atate wake.”
Izi zisanachitike, chimphona cha Harjit chinali chitayamba kumanga. Pambuyo pake, Qofṭarīm, chimphona china, "anaika zinsinsi m'mapiramidi a Dahshur ndi mapiramidi ena, kutsanzira zomwe zinkachitika kale. Anakhazikitsa mzinda wa Dendera.” Dashur ili ndi Piramidi Yofiira ndi Piramidi Yopindika yomwe inamangidwa panthawi ya ulamuliro wa Farao Sneferu (2613-2589 BC). Kumbali ina, Dendera ili ndi zipilala zokongoletsedwa kwambiri zoperekedwa kwa Mkazi wamkazi Hathor.
Lembali limanenanso kuti mzinda wa Memfisi unamangidwa ndi gulu la zimphona zimene zinakhalako pambuyo pa Chigumula ndipo zinkatumikira Mfumu Misraimu, yemwe ankadziwikanso kuti ndi chimphona. Ngakhale pambuyo pake ikufotokozanso ntchito ya ena a colossi awa: “Adim anali chimphona, champhamvu zosagonjetseka, ndi wamkulu mwa anthu. Iye analamula kuti aseme miyala ndi kuinyamula kuti akamange mapiramidi, monga mmene zinalili kale.”
Ndiye tipanga chiyani pa nkhanizi? Zikuoneka kuti Manly P. Hall ankadziwa za nkhaniyi ndipo anayesa kufotokoza mwachidule munkhani yake. Ndi lingaliro la wolemba kuti 'zolemba' zakale ndizoyenera kuvomereza popeza zambiri mwa miyamboyi zidadaliridwa kuti zibweretse chidziwitso ndi nzeru ku mibadwo yonse.
Kodi 'Otsatira a Horasi' Anali Zimphona?
Otsatira a Horus, omwe mwina adapanga phiri lalikulu la Giza kale afarao asanakhalepo, amakhulupirira kuti ndi zimphona. Izi zimakhulupirira chifukwa, kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 4 BC, otchedwa Ophunzira a Horus anali olemekezeka amphamvu omwe ankalamulira Igupto.
“Chakumapeto kwa zaka chikwi cha IV BC anthu otchedwa Disciples of Horus akuwoneka ngati anthu olemekezeka kwambiri omwe ankalamulira dziko lonse la Egypt. Chiphunzitso cha kukhalapo kwa mtundu uwu chimathandizidwa ndi kupezeka kwa manda a Predynastic, kumpoto kwa Higher Egypt, za mabwinja a anthu omwe ali ndi zigaza zazikulu komanso zomanga kuposa anthu am'deralo, ndi kusiyana kwakukulu kopanda zongopeka zilizonse. mavuto amtundu wamba.”
Chiphunzitso chokhudza kukhalapo kwake chimathandizidwa ndi kupezeka kwa manda a predynastic kumpoto kwa Upper Egypt. Kuchokera m'mabwinjawo, akatswiri ofukula zinthu zakale anapeza zigaza ndi zomangamanga zazikulu kwambiri kuposa zina zonse. Kusiyanitsa ndiko kuti mtundu uliwonse wamtundu wamba wamba umachotsedwa.
Ndipotu, Pulofesa Walter B. Emery, katswiri wa ku Egypt yemwe anafufuza Saqqara m'ma 1930, adapeza zotsalira za predynastic. Emery anapeza kuti mabwinja aakulu modabwitsawo anali a anthu a tsitsi la blond ndi akhungu lolimba kwambiri.
Iye ananena kuti vutoli silinachokere ku Egypt, koma linali lofunika kwambiri m’boma la Egypt. Iye anapeza kuti gulu limeneli linangosanganikirana ndi maufumu ena ofunika mofananamo ndipo ankakhulupirira kuti anali mbali ya Otsatira a Horus.
Mfumu yotalika mamita 2.5
Khasekhemui anali wolamulira womaliza wa Mzera Wachiwiri wa Egypt, ndi epicenter yake pafupi ndi Abydos. Analipo pomanga Hierakonpolis, likulu la predynastic.
Adaikidwa m'manda a Umm al-Qa'ab. Manda ake a miyala yamchere adafufuzidwa mu 2001, akatswiri odabwitsa ndi khalidwe la zomangamanga poyerekeza ndi Step Pyramid ya Djoser ku Saqqara, yomwe inalembedwa kumayambiriro kwa Mzera Wachitatu. Zotsalira za Khasekhemui sizinapezeke, choncho akukhulupirira kuti zidabedwa kalekale.
Flinders Petrie, yemwe anali woyamba kukumba malowa, adapeza umboni wochokera m'zaka za m'ma 3 BC, kuti farao pafupifupi anafika mamita 2.5 kutalika.
Kuyimira kwa chimphona ku Saqqara
Mzera wachitatu udayang'anira ntchito yomanga Piramidi ya Step ya Saqqara, yomangidwa ndi akachisi ena m'malo ovuta. Djoser, yemwe ankayang'anira kuika maliro a Khasekhemui, yemwe akukayikira kuti ndi mwana wake, adalamulira Saqqara panthawi yomanga piramidi.
Mkati mwa nyumbayi, zinali zotheka kujambula chithunzi cha chimphona china chooneka bwino kuti chinali ndi chigaza chachitali. Komabe, ichi chikhoza kukhala chithunzithunzi cha zigoba zomwe zinafukulidwa m'zaka za m'ma 1930 za anthu okhala ndi zigaza zazikulu ndi maonekedwe.
Kachisi wa Isis
Mu 1895 ndi 1896, nyuzipepala za padziko lonse zinafalitsa nkhani yachilendo yokhudza chithunzi cha Kachisi wa Isis. Nthawi yoyamba yomwe nkhaniyi idawonekera inali mu Arizona Silver Belt, Novembara 16, 1895, pansi pamutu wakuti "Zimphona Zambiri Zaku Egypt." Nkhaniyi inati:
“Mu 1881, pamene pulofesa Timmerman ankafufuza mabwinja a kachisi wakale wa Isis m’mphepete mwa mtsinje wa Nile, makilomita 16 kumunsi kwa Najar Djfard, anatsegula manda angapo mmene munakwiriridwamo mtundu wina wakale wa zimphona. Mafupa aang'ono kwambiri mwa 60 osamvetseka, omwe adawunikidwa panthawi yomwe Timmerman ankakumba ku Najar Djfard, anali ndi mamita asanu ndi atatu m'litali ndi mainchesi asanu ndi limodzi inchi imodzi. Miyala yachikumbukiro inapezedwa unyinji, koma panalibe mbiri imene inasonyeza kuti anali m’chikumbukiro cha amuna aakulu modabwitsa. Amakhulupirira kuti mandawa anayambira m’chaka cha 1043 BC.”
Chala chachikulu chamumified
Malinga ndi kunena kwa nyuzipepala ya ku Germany yotchedwa BILD.de, Gregor Spörri, wopeza ndalama zambiri yemwe ali ndi malo ochitira masewera ausiku ku Switzerland, anajambula zithunzi zingapo za chala chachikulu chodulidwa mumsewu chakumapeto kwa zaka za m’ma 1980. Mwiniwakeyo anali wachifwamba wina amene anapuma pantchito ndipo ankakhala ku Bir Hooker, pafupi ndi mzinda wa Sadat, pafupifupi makilomita 100 kuchokera ku Cairo.
Chala chinali 35 centimita yaitali, choncho chinali cha munthu amene mosavuta kuposa mamita 4 mu msinkhu. Komabe, izi sizinawonekere poyera mu 2012, zaka 24 pambuyo pake ndipo, kuyambira pamenepo, sizinapangidwe kukhala zovomerezeka. Malingana ndi Spörri, chalacho chinapezeka zaka 150 zapitazo ndipo chinali m'banja la mwiniwake, yemwe adatenga vuto la X-Ray chala kuti atsimikizire kuti ndi zoona. Werengani m'nkhaniyi kuti mudziwe zambiri za chimphona cha mumified chala cha ku Egypt.
Malinga ndi ofufuza ena, mabokosi akuluakulu ndi umboni wa zimphona ku Egypt. Ngakhale kuti zikanatheka kuti anazikulitsa kuposa zimene zimafunika kuti asangalatse ena kapena kumveketsa bwino kwa milungu pambuyo pa imfa kuti iwo anali a fuko lachifumu. Kumbali inayi, pali nkhani zingapo za gigantism mu mbiri yakale, Egypt nayonso. Mafupa ambiri ndi ma mummies ambiri mwachilendo angakhale chitsanzo chabe cha gigantism. Koma ambiri adayankha mafunso ngati alibe zizindikiro za vuto lililonse la pituitary.
Kutsiliza
Lang'anani, ndi zomwe zapezedwa m'nkhaniyi, zimangopanga nkhani ya kukhalapo kwa zimphona ku Egypt isanayambe komanso padziko lonse lapansi, ndipo tikamafufuza zolembedwa za dziko lililonse, timapeza zitsanzo zambiri. Inde, ena alibe chochita ndi gawo lodabwitsa lomwe latayika la mbiri yathu, koma ena atero.
Zingamveketse bwino mmene miyala ikuluikulu yoteroyo inkakumbidwira ndi kunyamulidwa m’malo mwake, popeza kuti zimphona zokha, luso lazopangapanga lapamwamba kwambiri, kapena amisiri aluso, akanakwanitsa ntchito yaikulu yoteroyo kalekalelo.
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