Neolithic tej nkoj nquam qhia txog kev siv tshuab nautical siab ntawm prehistoric Mediterranean

Ntau tshaj 7,000 xyoo dhau los, tib neeg tau taug kev hauv Hiav Txwv Mediterranean siv cov nkoj tsim khoom siv thev naus laus zis.

Thaum peb xav txog kev vam meej thaum ub thiab lawv cov kev ua tiav, peb feem ntau koom nrog lawv nrog cov kev xav zoo ntawm cov vaj tsev lossis cov txheej txheem ntawm tsoomfwv. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov kev tshawb pom tsis ntev los no tau qhia tias peb cov poj koob yawm txwv nyob rau lub sijhawm Neolithic kuj tau ua tiav hauv kev siv thev naus laus zis hauv hiav txwv. Qhov kev xav tsis thoob no ua rau pom lub teeb tshiab ntawm lub peev xwm thiab kev paub ntawm Pob Zeb Hnub Nyoog cov zej zog, nrog rau lawv lub peev xwm hla hiav txwv Mediterranean.

Excavation of Canoe 5. Credit: PLOS ONE (2024). DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0299765, CC-UA
Excavation of Canoe 5. Credit: PLOS ONE (2024). DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0299765, CC-UA

Lub Mediterranean tau ntev tau suav hais tias yog qhov chaw rau kev vam meej, nrog ntau cov kab lis kev cai tseem ceeb tshwm sim raws nws ntug dej hiav txwv. Tab sis ua li cas txog cov neeg uas nyob ntawd ua ntej cov zej zog loj no? Txoj kev kawm txog kev caij nkoj thaum ub yeej ib txwm muaj kev sib tw, vim tias cov khoom siv organic siv hauv kev tsim nkoj tsis feem ntau muaj sia nyob rau lub sijhawm sim. Txawm li cas los xij, ib pab neeg ntawm archaeologists los ntawm Spanish National Research Council nyob rau hauv Barcelona tau ua ib qho zoo kawg li tawg thaum lawv nrhiav tau tsib canoes ntawm lub Neolithic Lakeshore Village hu ua La Marmotta, nyob ze Rome.

Thaum xub thawj siab ib muag, cov canoes zoo li ib yam Neolithic watercraft - hollowed-tawm ntoo trunks siv rau nuv ntses los yog luv luv mus txawv tebchaws. Tab sis raws li kev soj ntsuam ze dua, nws tau pom tseeb tias cov nkoj no tau zoo dua li yav dhau los xav. Cov canoes tau tsim tawm ntawm plaub hom ntoo thiab muaj cov txheej txheem siab tshaj plaws xws li kev hloov pauv thiab cov khoom ntoo t-shaped nrog qhov uas tuaj yeem siv los khi hlua thiab sails. Qib no ntawm craftsmanship thiab tsim qauv qhia tau hais tias cov builders muaj kev nkag siab tob ntawm cov khoom ntoo thiab kev paub dav ntawm yuav ua li cas los tsim cov hlab ntsha ruaj khov.

Canoe Marmotta 1. Ntawm zaub hauv Museo delle Civiltà hauv Rome. Credit: PLOS IB (2024). DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0299765, CC-UA
Canoe Marmotta 1. Ntawm zaub hauv Museo delle Civiltà hauv Rome. Credit: PLOS IB (2024). DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0299765, CC-UA

Ib qho tshwj xeeb canoe sawv tawm raws li nws tau txuam nrog peb T-zoo li cov khoom ntoo nrog ntau lub qhov. Qhov kev tshawb pom no muab pov thawj muaj zog tias cov nkoj Neolithic no tsis yog cov nkoj nuv ntses yooj yim xwb tab sis muaj peev xwm taug kev hauv hiav txwv crafts. Pab neeg no tseem pom cov cuab yeej pob zeb ntawm qhov chaw uas txuas nrog cov Islands tuaj ze, qhia tias cov nkoj no tau siv rau kev lag luam thiab tej zaum txawm tias muaj kev tsiv teb tsaws chaw.

Cov kev tshawb pom ntawm txoj kev tshawb no, luam tawm nyob rau hauv phau ntawv journal PLOS IB (2024), yog qhov tsim nyog raws li lawv tawm tsam cov kev ntseeg ib txwm muaj tias kev siv tshuab seafaring tsis tau txhim kho kom txog thaum keeb kwm yav dhau los. Cov canoes thiab lwm yam khoom siv hauv hiav txwv pom ntawm La Marmotta qhia tias cov neeg Neolithic twb txawj seafarers, nrog kev paub thiab cov tswv yim zoo ib yam li cov uas siv los ntawm ntau cov kev vam meej tsis ntev los no.

Tab sis ua li cas cov pob zeb Hnub Nyoog no tau ua tiav cov thev naus laus zis zoo li no? Cov kws tshawb fawb tau tshaj tawm tias nws yog qhov tshwm sim los ntawm kev ua haujlwm sib koom ua ke, saib xyuas los ntawm tus kws tshaj lij craftsman uas muaj kev nkag siab zoo txog tag nrho cov txheej txheem tsim lub nkoj - los ntawm kev xaiv tsob ntoo zoo tshaj plaws rau kev tua cov nkoj hauv lub pas dej lossis dej hiav txwv. Qib no ntawm lub koom haum thiab kev sib koom tes hauv zej zog kuj hais txog kev sib raug zoo thiab kev tsim qauv ntawm cov Neolithic societies.

Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm qhov kev tshawb pom no mus dhau qhov tsuas yog ua pov thawj lub peev xwm ntawm peb cov poj koob yawm txwv thaum ub. Nws tseem tso lub teeb tshiab ntawm lawv txoj kev nthuav dav thiab kev vam meej nyob rau hauv tag nrho cheeb tsam Mediterranean, los ntawm Cyprus mus rau Atlantic ntug dej hiav txwv ntawm Iberian Peninsula. Cov kws sau ntawv tshawb fawb tau hais tias "qhov thev naus laus zis no yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm lawv txoj kev vam meej" thiab ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv lawv lub peev xwm mus ncig thiab kev lag luam hla ntau qhov deb.

Cov thev naus laus zis thev naus laus zis thev naus laus zis ntawm cov neeg Neolithic tam sim no tau qhib tshooj tshiab hauv peb txoj kev nkag siab txog kev vam meej thaum ub. Nws yog ib qho pov thawj rau lawv txoj kev txawj ntse thiab kev muaj peev xwm, nrog rau lawv lub peev xwm los hloov thiab vam meej hauv lawv qhov chaw. La Marmotta canoes ua ib qho kev ceeb toom tias peb cov poj koob yawm txwv tsis yog tib neeg thaum ub, tab sis cov neeg tsim kho tshiab uas tau tsim txoj hauv kev rau kev nce qib yav tom ntej hauv kev caij nkoj.