Hisashi Ouchi, kwararre a dakin gwaje-gwaje wanda ya zama dan kasar Japan mafi muni da aka taba fuskanta a lokacin wani hadari a wata tashar makamashin nukiliya ta kasar Japan. Ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin wani lamari mai matuƙar mahimmanci na tasirin nukiliya a tarihin likitancin mu, inda aka ajiye Hisashi a raye har tsawon kwanaki 83 ta wata hanyar gwaji. Tambayoyi da yawa sun rage game da ɗabi'ar da ke tattare da jinyarsa, kuma mafi mahimmanci ita ce: "Me ya sa Hisashi Ouchi ya rayu har tsawon kwanaki 83 ba tare da son ransa ba a cikin irin wannan zafi da wahala?"
Dalilin Hadarin Nukiliya na Tokaimura Na Biyu
Hadarin Nukiliya na Tokaimura na Biyu yana isar da bala'in nukiliya wanda ya faru a ranar 30 ga Satumba, 1999, da misalin ƙarfe 10:35 na safe, wanda ya haifar da mummunan mutuwar nukiliya guda biyu. Yana daya daga cikin munanan hatsarin radiation na nukiliya na farar hula da ya faru a masana'antar sarrafa man uranium. Kamfanin sarrafa makamashin nukiliya na Japan (JCO) ne ke sarrafa shi a kauyen Tokai na gundumar Naka, a Japan.
Ma'aikatan lebura uku, Hisashi Ouchi, ɗan shekara 35, Yutaka Yokokawa, ɗan shekara 54, da Masato Shinohara, ɗan shekara 39, suna aiki a dakin binciken a canjin aikinsu a wannan ranar. Hisashi da Masato sun kasance tare suna shirya tarin makamashin nukiliya ta hanyar ƙara maganin uranium a cikin tankokin ruwan sama. Saboda rashin gogewa, sun yi kuskure sun ƙara adadin uranium (kusan 16kg) zuwa ɗaya daga cikin tankokin da suka kai mawuyacin hali. Daga ƙarshe, ba zato ba tsammani, sarkar nukiliya mai cin gashin kanta ta fara da babban haske mai haske kuma mummunan hatsarin ya faru.
Makomar Hisashi Ouchi
Abin takaici, Hisashi Ouchi shine mafi kusa daga fashewar wanda ya fi samun rauni. Ya karɓi sieverts 17 (Sv) na radiation yayin da 50 mSv (1 Sv = 1000 mSv) ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin matsakaicin ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun adadin radiation na shekara-shekara kuma ana ɗaukar sieverts 8 a matsayin kashi na mutuwa. Ganin cewa, Masato da Yutuka suma sun sami kashe kashen sieverts 10 da sieverts 3 bi da bi. Nan take aka kwantar da su duka a asibitin Mito.
Hisashi ya sha wahala 100% na mummunan ƙonewa, kuma yawancin gabobinsa sun lalace ko kaɗan. Abin mamaki adadin farin jinin jikinsa yana kusa da sifili, yana lalata tsarin garkuwar jikinsa gabaɗaya, kuma mummunan raɗaɗin ya kuma lalata DNA ɗin sa.
Radiyon ya shiga cikin chromosomes na sel nasa. Chromosomes sune tsarin jikin ɗan adam wanda ke ɗauke da duk bayanan kwayoyin halitta. Kowane ɗayan chromosomes yana da lamba kuma ana iya tsara shi cikin tsari.
Duk da haka, ba shi yiwuwa a shirya sinadarin chromosome na Hisashi. An karye su kuma wasun su sun makale a junan su. Rushewar chromosomes yana nufin cewa ba za a samar da sabbin sel ba bayan haka.
Haka kuma lalacewar radiation ya bayyana a saman jikin Hisashi. Da farko likitoci sun yi amfani da kaset ɗin tiyata kamar yadda aka saba a jikinsa. Duk da haka, yana ƙara yawaita cewa fatarsa ta yage tare da tef ɗin da aka cire. Daga ƙarshe, ba za su iya yin amfani da tef ɗin tiyata ba.
Kwayoyin fata masu lafiya suna rarraba cikin sauri kuma sabbin sel suna maye gurbin tsofaffin. Duk da haka, a cikin fatar Hisashi da ba ta da iska, ba a ƙara samar da sabbin ƙwayoyin sel ba. Tsohuwar fatarsa tana fadowa. Ya kasance zafi mai zafi a fatarsa da yaƙi da kamuwa da cuta.
Bugu da ƙari, ya haɓaka haɓakar ruwa a cikin huhun sa kuma ya fara fuskantar wahalar numfashi.
Menene radiation na nukiliya yake yiwa jikin ɗan adam?
Bisa ga Cibiyar Lafiya ta kasa (Labarun Magunguna na Ƙasa):
A cikin tsakiya na kowane tantanin jikinmu, akwai ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta da ake kira chromosomes waɗanda ke da alhakin aiki da haifuwar kowane tantanin halitta a jikinmu. Chromosomes an yi su ne da manyan kwayoyin halitta guda biyu ko zaren deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). Radiyon nukiliya yana shafar atom ɗin da ke jikinmu ta hanyar cire electrons. Wannan yana karya haɗin zarra a cikin DNA, yana lalata su. Idan DNA a cikin chromosome ya lalace, umarnin da ke sarrafa aikin tantanin halitta da haifuwa shima ya lalace kuma sel ba za su iya yin kwafi ba don haka su mutu. Waɗanda har yanzu za su iya yin kwafi, ƙirƙira mafi rikitattun ƙwayoyin sel waɗanda ke ƙirƙira ciwon daji.
Yawancin abin da muka sani game da haɗarin kansa daga radiation ya dogara ne akan nazarin waɗanda suka tsira daga bama-bamai a Nagasaki da Hiroshima. Nazarin sun sami ƙarin haɗarin ciwon daji masu zuwa (daga sama zuwa ƙasa):
- Yawancin nau'in cutar sankarar bargo (ko da yake ba cutar sankarar lymphocytic na yau da kullun ba)
- Mye myeloma
- Ciwon daji na thyroid
- Ciwon daji na bladder
- Ciwon daji na nono
- Ciwon daji na huhu
- ovarian ciwon daji
- Ciwon daji (amma ba kansar dubura ba)
- Ciwon kansa
- Cutar ciwo
- Ciwon daji
- lymphoma
- Skin cancer (banda melanoma)
Ana da alaƙa da haɓakar fiɗar radiyo da haɗarin kamuwa da cutar kansa, amma ko da ƙarancin adadin radiation yana da alaƙa da haɗarin kamuwa da mutuwa daga cutar kansa. Babu wani takamaiman yankewa don amintaccen fallasa radiation.
Sakamakon bala'in nukiliyar Tokaimura
Kimanin mutane 161 daga gidaje 39 a cikin radius mita 350 daga ginin jujjuyawar an kwashe su nan da nan. An nemi mazauna cikin kilomita 10 da su kasance a cikin gida a matsayin matakin rigakafi.
Koyaya, halayen sarkar nukiliya ya ci gaba yayin da mafita ta yi sanyi kuma ramukan sun ɓace. Washegari da safe, ma'aikata sun dakatar da abin har abada ta hanyar fitar da ruwa daga jaket mai sanyaya da ke kewaye da tankin ruwan sama. Ruwa yana aiki azaman mai nuna nutsuwa. Bayan haka an ƙara maganin boric acid (boron da aka zaɓa don kaddarorin sha na neutron) a cikin tanki don tabbatar da cewa abubuwan da ke cikin sun kasance na ƙasa.
An ba mazauna gida gida bayan kwana biyu tare da jakunkuna na yashi da sauran garkuwa don kariya daga raunin gamma, kuma duk wasu ƙuntatawa an ɗaga su cikin taka tsantsan.
Ƙoƙari na ƙarshe na ƙungiyar likitocin da suka ci gaba don kiyaye Hisashi Ouchi da rai
Cututtuka na cikin gida da kusan fatar jiki da ba a fallasa sun yi saurin sa guba ga Hisashi daga ciki da waje lokaci guda.
Duk da dashen fata da aka yi masa, Hisashi ya ci gaba da rasa ruwan jikinsa ta hanyar konewar fatarsa wanda hakan ya sa hawan jininsa ya tabarbare. A lokaci guda Hisashi yana zubar da jini daga idanunsa, matarsa ta ce da alama yana kuka jini!
Yayin da yanayin Hisashi ke taɓarɓarewa, Cibiyar Kimiyyar Rediyo ta ƙasa da ke Chiba, Chiba Prefecture, ta tura shi zuwa Asibitin Jami'ar Tokyo, inda aka ba da rahoton cewa ya yi gwajin. Karin jini na farko na sassan jikin sassan jiki ta yadda za a fara fara samar da farin jinin a cikin jikinsa.
Canjin jijiyoyin jijiyoyin jini na gefe (Bayanan Bayani na PBSCT), wanda kuma ake kira "Peripheral stem cell support", wata hanya ce ta maye gurbin ƙwayoyin sel da ke haifar da jini ta hanyar radiation, misali, ta hanyar maganin cutar kansa. Mai haƙuri yana karɓar ƙwayoyin sel ta hanyar catheter da aka sanya a cikin jirgin jini gaba ɗaya yana cikin kirji.
Gwamnatin Japan ta ba da fifiko mafi girma ga shari'ar Hisashi Ouchi, sakamakon haka, an taru gungun manyan kwararrun likitoci daga kasar Japan da kasashen waje don kula da mummunan yanayin radiation da ya shafi Hisashi Ouchi. Ana cikin haka ne likitoci suka tsare shi ta hanyar zuba masa jini da ruwa mai yawa a kullum tare da yi masa magani na musamman da ake shigo da su daga kasashen waje daban-daban.
An ba da rahoton cewa a lokacin da yake jinya, Hisashi ya nemi sau da yawa don a sake shi daga zafin da ba za a iya jurewa ba kuma sau ɗaya har ma ya ce "Ba ya so ya zama alade na Guinea!"
Amma an dauke shi a matsayin mutuncin kasa wanda ya sanya kungiyar likitocin ta musamman cikin matsin lamba. Saboda haka, duk da nufin Hisashi ya mutu, likitoci sun yi iya bakin kokarin su don ganin ya rayu har tsawon kwanaki 83. A rana ta 59 da jinyarsa, zuciyarsa ta tsaya sau uku a cikin mintuna 49 kacal, wanda ya haifar da mummunan lahani a kwakwalwarsa da kodansa. Likitoci sun dauki Hisashi a matsayin tallafin rayuwa gaba daya har sai da ya mutu a ranar 21 ga Disamba, 1999, saboda gazawar gabobin da yawa.
Hisashi Ouchi ana ɗaukarsa azaman mafi munin radiation na nukiliya wanda ya shafa a tarihin likitancin mu, wanda ya yi kwanaki 83 na ƙarshe na rayuwarsa ta cikin mawuyacin halin rashin lafiya.
Shin Yutaka Yokokawa da Masato Shinohara suma sun mutu?
A duk tsawon lokacin gwajin gwajin Hisashi Ouchi, Masato Shinohara da Yutaka Yokokawa suma suna asibiti, suna yaki da mutuwarsu. Daga baya, Masato ya yi kamar yana samun sauƙi kuma har ma an ɗauke shi a keken guragu don ya ziyarci lambunan asibiti a ranar Sabuwar Shekara ta 2000. Duk da haka, daga baya ya kamu da ciwon huhu kuma huhunsa ya lalace saboda radiation da aka yi masa. Saboda haka, Masato ya kasa yin magana a lokacin, don haka dole ne ya rubuta saƙonni zuwa ga ma'aikatan jinya da iyalinsa. Wasu daga cikinsu sun bayyana kalmomi masu ban tausayi kamar "Mama, don Allah!", Da dai sauransu
A ƙarshe, a ranar 27 ga Afrilu, 2000, Masato kuma ya bar wannan duniyar saboda gazawar gabobin jiki. A daya bangaren kuma, Yutaka ya samu sauki bayan ya shafe sama da watanni shida a asibiti kuma an sallame shi ya samu lafiya a gida.
Akwai littafi mai taken "Mutuwar Ragewa: Kwanaki 83 na Ciwon Radiation" akan wannan mummunan lamari, inda aka kira 'Hisashi Ouchi' 'Hiroshi Ouchi.' Koyaya, wannan littafin ya rubuta kwanakin 83 na gaba na jiyya har zuwa rasuwarsa, tare da cikakken kwatanci da bayanin guba na radiation.
Bincike da rahoton ƙarshe na Hadarin Nukiliya na Tokaimura na Biyu
Bayan gudanar da bincike mai zurfi, Hukumar Makamashin Nukiliya ta Duniya ta gano cewa abin da ya haddasa hatsarin shine "kuskuren ɗan adam da manyan keta ƙa'idodin aminci." A cewar rahotannin su, hatsarin ya faru ne lokacin da ma’aikatan leburan guda uku suka yi amfani da sinadarin uranium da yawa wajen samar da man fetur sannan suka tashi da karfin atomic wanda ba a sarrafa shi.
Sakamakon bala'in makamashin nukiliya, jimlar mutane 667, ciki har da mazauna kusa da ma’aikatan agajin gaggawa sun fallasa radiation.
Ƙarin binciken ya nuna cewa ma'aikatan a masana'antar, wanda JCO Co. ke jagoranta, sun saba hanyoyin aminci, gami da haɗa uranium a cikin guga don samun aiki cikin sauri.
Ma'aikata shida, ciki har da mai kula da shukar da wanda ya tsira daga hatsarin Yutaka Yokokawa, sun amsa laifin laifin sakaci wanda ya yi sanadiyyar mutuwa. Shugaban JCO ya kuma amsa laifin a madadin kamfanin.
A watan Maris na 2000, gwamnatin Japan ta soke lasisin JCO. Ita ce kamfanin sarrafa makamashin nukiliya na farko da ya fuskanci hukunci a ƙarƙashin dokar Japan da ke sarrafa makamashin nukiliya, kayan aiki da makamashin nukiliya. Sun amince za su biya dala miliyan 121 a matsayin diyya don sasanta ikirari 6,875 daga mutanen da ke fuskantar hasken rana da kuma shafar aikin gona da na sabis.
Firayim Ministan Japan na lokacin Yoshiro Mori ya jajantawa tare da ba da tabbacin cewa gwamnati za ta yi aiki tukuru don ganin ba a sake samun irin wannan hatsarin ba.
Koyaya, daga baya a cikin 2011, The Fukushima Daiichi bala'in makamin nukiliya Ya faru a Japan, wanda shine mafi girman hatsarin nukiliya a duniya tun bayan 26 Afrilu 1986 Bala'i na Chernobyl. Lamarin ya faru ne saboda gazawar fasaha yayin girgizar kasa ta Tōhoku da tsunami a ranar Juma'a, 11 ga Maris 2011.
Hatsarin Nukiliyar Tokaimura Na Farko
Shekaru biyu kafin wannan mummunan lamari, a ranar 11 ga Maris, 1997, Haɗarin Nukiliya na Tokaimura na Farko ya faru a wata masana'antar sarrafa makamashin nukiliya ta Dōnen (Power Reactor and Nuclear Fuel Development Corporation). Wani lokaci ana kiransa da Hatsarin Dōnen.
Akalla 37 daga cikin ma’aikatan sun gamu da matsanancin matakan radiation yayin faruwar lamarin. Mako guda bayan aukuwar lamarin, jami'an kula da yanayin yanayi sun gano manyan matakan cesium mai nisan kilomita 40 kudu maso yammacin masana'antar.
Cesium (Cs) ƙarfe alkali ne mai taushi, mai azurfa tare da narkar da 28.5 ° C (83.3 ° F). Ana fitar da shi daga sharar da injunan nukiliya ke samarwa.
Bayan karanta labarin ban mamaki na Hisashi Ouchi da kuma wadanda suka mutu sakamakon hadarin nukiliya na Tokaimura na biyu, karanta labarin. “Kaddamar David Kirwan: Mutuwa ta hanyar tafasa a cikin wani marmaro mai zafi!!
